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. 2024 Jun 17;15:5159. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49363-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Monthly injection and extraction volumes for all HGF wells. Production rates of each well refer to Supplementary Fig. 5. b Temporal distribution of earthquake magnitudes and cumulative seismicity within the scope of the HGF based on the regional (SCSN) and template matching (TM) catalogs. The vertical dashed lines denote periods of rapid seismicity rate changes associated with rapid decreases in both the fluid injection and extraction volumes. c Vertical displacement (Uz) trends of the HGF. Red bars show the normalized displacement trend from leveling time series. Blue and red curves represent the simulated displacement trends caused by the pressure effects (pressure fluctuation and poroelastic responses) and thermal contraction effect, respectively. The simulated trends are obtained from the normalization of surface displacements at 8 probe points (see Fig. 7 for their locations). Note the vertical scale is inverted such that an increasing trend represents increasing subsidence.