Table 3.

Key clinical indicators differentiating preeclampsia from lupus nephritis in pregnancy (94–96).

Clinical and Laboratory Features	Active Lupus Nephritis	Preeclampsia
Symptoms Onset	Anytime during pregnancy	After 20 weeks of pregnancy
Hypertension	+/-	+
Extrarenal SLE signs and symptoms	+	–
Serum uric acid levels	<4.9 mg/dL (low or normal)	>4.9 mg/dL (high)
Complement levels	↓/normal	Normal
Anti ds-DNA levels	↑	Normal
Active urinary sediments	+	–
Urinary calcium excretion	>195 mg/day	<195 mg/day
sFlt-1/PlGF ratio	Normal	↑
Proteinuria	≥300 mg/day	≥300 mg/dl
24-hour urine calcium	≥195 mg/day	<195 mg/day
Complement levels	≥25% drop	Normal