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. 2024 Jun 4;14:1394070. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1394070

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Lactate levels in plasma. Increase in lactate levels between PT1 (1 month post-treatment initiation) and BT (before treatment) in experimental groups: non-challenged controls (NC), commercial vaccine (CV), commercial vaccine and probiotic (CV-PR), and probiotic (PR). ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test was applied, and the significant level was *p < 0.05.