FIGURE 4.

Effect of D‐Ala²GIP on locomotor function and histomorphology recovery in spinal cord injured rats. (A) Schematic diagram of experiment. D‐Ala²GIP was injected at a dose of 50 nmol/kg. (B, D) GIP reduced the area of the cavity of the injured spinal cord. Representative HE staining and statistical result. The box showed the area of injury. Scale Bar = 1 mm; R: Rostal, C: Caudal. n = 6 for each group. The data were shown as mean ± SE, and were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA post hoc Bonferroni's test, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (C, E, F) GIP increased the number neurites grown into injured area. Representative immunostaining staining and statistical results of Tuj1 (in red), GFAP (in green) at 14 dpi. Spinal cord was treated with NC or D‐Ala2GIP. Neurons were labeled with Tuj1. The white box shows the injury area and the magnified views are shown in the right panel. Scale Bar = 250 μm. The data were normalized by NC. n = 3 for each group. The data were shown as mean ± SE, and were analyzed by Student's t‐test, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (G) BBB scores at 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14 days after spinal cord injury. n = 12 for each group. The data were shown as mean ± SE, and were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA post hoc Bonferroni's test, *p < 0.05.