Table 2. Adjusted and Unadjusted Outcomes, Chlorhexidine Gluconate in Alcohol as Reference.
| Patient characteristics | Povidone iodine (n = 1570) | Chlorhexidine gluconate (n = 1751) | Absolute difference (95% CI), % | Relative risk (95% CI) | Adjusted relative risk (95% CI)a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall SSI, No. (%) | 80 (5.1) | 97 (5.5) | 0.4 (−1.1 to 2.0) | 0.92 (0.69 to 1.23) | 0.90 (0.66 to 1.22) |
| Type of SSI, No./total No. (%)b | |||||
| Superficial | 32/1526 (2.1) | 29/1691 (1.7) | −0.4 (−1.3 to 0.6) | 1.22 (0.74 to 2.01) | 1.20 (0.73 to 2.01) |
| Deep incisional | 15/1509 (1.0) | 20/1682 (1.2) | 0.2 (−0.6 to 1.0) | 0.84 (0.43 to 1.63) | 1.83 (0.43 to 1.63) |
| Organ space | 29/1523 (1.9) | 40/1702 (2.3) | 0.4 (−0.6 to 1.5) | 0.81 (0.51 to 1.30) | 0.77 (0.48 to 1.26) |
| Abdominal | 38/559 (6.8) | 59/596 (9.9) | 3.1 (0.3 to 6.5) | 0.69 (0.46 to 1.02) | |
| Superficial | 15/536 (2.8) | 14/551 (2.5) | −0.3 (−2.4 to 1.8) | 1.10 (0.54 to 2.60) | |
| Deep incisional | 3/524 (0.6) | 10/547 (1.9) | 1.4 (−0.2 to 2.9) | 0.31 (0.09 to 1.13) | |
| Organ space | 20/541 (3.7) | 35/572 (6.1) | 2.4 (0.3 to 5.1) | 0.60 (0.35 to 1.03) | |
| Cardiac | 42/1011 (4.2) | 38/1155 (3.3) | −0.9 (−2.6 to 0.8) | 1.26 (0.82 to 1.94) | |
| Superficial | 17/990 (1.7) | 15/1140 (1.3) | −0.4 (−1.5 to 0.7) | 1.31 (0.66 to 2.60) | |
| Deep incisional | 12/985 (1.2) | 10/1135 (0.9) | −0.3 (−1.3 to 0.6) | 1.38 (0.60 to 3.19) | |
| Organ space | 9/982 (0.9) | 5/1130 (0.4) | −0.5 (−1.2 to 0.3) | 2.07 (0.70 to 6.16) |
Abbreviation: SSI, surgical site infection.
a
Adjusted by surgery type in the Mantel-Haenszel test.
b
Classification as determined by infectious disease physician at last follow-up, applying US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network definitions.