PMOP	Postmenopausal osteoporosis
SOP	Senile osteoporosis
IOP	Idiopathic osteoporosis
WHO	World health organization
BMD	Bone mineral density
BMSCs	Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
IL-1	Interleukin-1
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-17	Interleukin-17
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor
OPG	Osteoprotegerin
RANKL	Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand
M-CSF	Macrophage colony stimulating factor
AP-1	Activator protein 1
NF-κB	Nuclear factor -κB
Erα	Estrogen receptor-α
BCAR1	Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein-1
BMP-4	Bone morphogenetic protein 4
SMAD	Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein
PTH	Parathyroid hormone
OVX	Ovariectomy
NLRP3	NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3
TH-17	T helper cell 17
IL-18	Interleukin-18
IL-1β	Interleukin-1β
PCD	programmed cell death
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma-2;Bax, Bcl-2 associated X protein
Caspase	Cysteine-aspartic protease
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
ATGs	Autophagy-related proteins
GSH	Glutathione
GPX4	Glutathione peroxidase 4
GCH1	GTP cyclohydrolase 1
DHFR	Dihydrofolate reductase
BH4	Tetrahydrobiopterin
FSP1	Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
CoQ10	Coenzyme Q10
DHODH	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
RIPK	Receptor-interacting protein kinase
MLKL	Mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein
GSDM	Gasdermin
HMGB1	High-mobility group box 1 protein
DAMPs	Damage‐associated molecular patterns
PAMPs	Pathogen-related molecular patterns
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
PRRs	Pattern recognition receptors
NLR	NOD-like receptor
NLRP1	NLR family pyrin domain-containing 1
NLRC4	NLR family CARD domain containing 4
NRRC5	NLR family CARD domain containing 5
PYD	Pyrindomain
AIM2	Absent in melanoma 2
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
PD-L1	Programmed death ligand 1
GZM	Granzyme
GAS	Group A Streptococcus
ASC	Apoptosis-related speck-like protein
BMMs	Bone marrow macrophages
rPTH	recombinant human parathyroid hormone analog
UA	Urolithin A
RA	Rosmarinic acid
STZ	streptozotocin
FNDC5	Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5
TCM	Traditional Chinese Medicine
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
Keap1	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1.