Table 3.

Final set of core standards for prehabilitation research in colorectal surgery

Domain	Subdomain	Standards (n = 33)
Components of prehabilitation		Exercise
		Nutrition
		Psychological (emotional) support
		Comprehensive geriatric assessment (for older, frail patients)
Setting for prehabilitation		Multicentre options
Exercise/physical activity	Medium	Choice of face-to-face or remote
	Group size	Choice of one-to-one or group
	Personalization	A personalized exercise programme specifically tailored to the individual
	Type	Functional activity training
		Cardiovascular/aerobic exercise
	Duration	The exercise programme should last 2–4 weeks
Nutrition	Medium	Choice of face-to-face or remote
	Group size	One-to-one nutritional advice
	Personalization	A personalized nutritional advice programme specifically tailored to the individual
	Duration	The nutrition programme should last 4–6 weeks
Psychological support	Medium	Choice of face-to-face or remote
	Group size	One-to-one psychological support
	Personalization	A personalized psychological support programme specifically tailored to the individual
	Type	Focus on anxiety reduction
		Focus on body image including stoma concerns
		Relaxation techniques (e.g. breathing exercises, yoga)
		Mental preparedness and motivation
	Duration	Psychological support should last 2–6 weeks
Comprehensive geriatric assessment		All components of the comprehensive geriatric assessments
Recipients of prehabilitation	Reason for surgery	All types of colorectal surgery for any condition, including patients having neoadjuvant chemotherapy
	Age	Patients of any age
	Co-morbidities and risk factors	Patients with any co-morbidities and additional risk factors
Delivery of prehabilitation		Specialist nurse
		Exercise physiologist or sports scientist
		Physiotherapist
		Nutritionist/dietician
		Psychologist
		Other patients who are having/have had colorectal surgery