TABLE 4.
Invasive Exercise Hemodynamic Data
| Total (N = 626) | RELAH (n = 444) | EILAH (n = 182) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resting hemodynamics | ||||
| Aortic systolic pressure, mm Hg | 144.0 (129.0–159.0) | 146.0 (132.0–160.0) | 137.0 (125.0–153.0) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 70.0 (63.0–80.0) | 70.0 (62.0–80.0) | 70.0 (63.0–79.0) | 0.82 |
| RA pressure, mm Hg | 9.0 (7.0–12.0) | 10.0 (8.0–13.0) | 6.0 (5.0–8.0) | <0.001 |
| PA systolic pressure, mm Hg | 40.0 (34.0–49.0) | 44.0 (38.0–53.0) | 32.0 (28.0–35.0) | <0.001 |
| PA diastolic pressure, mm Hg | 19.0 (15.0–23.0) | 21.0 (18.0–25.0) | 14.5 (12.0–16.0) | <0.001 |
| Mean PA pressure, mm Hg | 26.3 (21.3–32.0) | 29.0 (24.7–33.7) | 20.3 (17.7–22.7) | <0.001 |
| PCWP, mm Hg | 18.0 (14.0–23.0) | 21.0 (17.0–25.0) | 12.0 (10.0–13.0) | <0.001 |
| PCWP to RA pressure gradient, mm Hg | 8.0 (5.0–12.0) | 11.0 (7.0–14.0) | 5.0 (3.0–6.0) | <0.001 |
| Transpulmonary gradient, mm Hg | 8.0 (6.0–11.0) | 8.0 (5.7–10.7) | 9.0 (6.7–11.0) | 0.016 |
| TAPSE/PA systolic pressure ratio, mm/mm Hg | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | <0.001 |
| Stroke volume, mL | 74.6 (62.6–89.3) | 75.0 (62.5–89.2) | 73.8 (64.0–89.7) | 0.91 |
| Cardiac output, L/min | 5.2 (4.4–6.2) | 5.2 (4.4–6.3) | 5.2 (4.4–6.2) | 0.99 |
| Systemic vascular resistance, WU | 17.0 (13.7–20.9) | 16.8 (13.6–20.9) | 17.2 (14.0–20.7) | 0.72 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance, WU | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 1.7 (1.2–2.1) | 0.062 |
| PA pulse pressure/stroke volume ratio, mm Hg/mL | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | <0.001 |
| Legs up hemodynamics | ||||
| RA pressure, mm Hg | 11.0 (8.0–15.0) | 12.0 (10.0–16.0) | 8.5 (6.5–11.0) | <0.001 |
| PCWP, mm Hg | 22.0 (18.0–27.0) | 25.0 (21.0–30.0) | 17.0 (14.0–19.5) | <0.001 |
| 20-W exercise hemodynamics | ||||
| Right atrial pressure, mm Hg | 17.0 (13.0–21.0) | 18.0 (15.0–22.0) | 14.0 (11.0–17.0) | <0.001 |
| PA systolic pressure, mm Hg | 64.0 (54.0–75.0) | 69.5 (58.0–79.0) | 55.0 (48.0–63.0) | <0.001 |
| PA diastolic pressure, mm Hg | 30.0 (27.0–37.0) | 32.0 (29.0–39.0) | 27.0 (23.0–30.0) | <0.001 |
| Mean PA pressure, mm Hg | 42.0 (36.0–48.7) | 45.3 (38.7–51.3) | 36.0 (32.0–41.0) | <0.001 |
| PA pulse pressure, mm Hg | 32.0 (25.0–41.5) | 35.0 (28.0–44.0) | 28.0 (21.0–35.0) | <0.001 |
| PCWP, mm Hg | 32.0 (27.0–38.0) | 34.0 (29.0–40.0) | 27.0 (24.0–31.0) | <0.001 |
| PCWP to RA pressure gradient, mm Hg | 15.0 (11.0–19.0) | 16.0 (12.0–21.0) | 13.0 (10.0–17.0) | <0.001 |
| Peak exercise hemodynamics | ||||
| Capacity, W | 40.0 (20.0–60.0) | 40.0 (20.0–60.0) | 40.0 (40.0–60.0) | <0.001 |
| Total duration of exercise, min | 7.0 (5.0–10.5) | 7.0 (5.0–10.0) | 9.0 (6.0–11.0) | <0.001 |
| Aortic systolic pressure, mm Hg | 160.0 (141.0–181.5) | 161.0 (142.0–182.0) | 158.0 (140.0–181.0) | 0.52 |
| Peak heart rate, beats/min | 100.0 (86.0–113.0) | 98.0 (85.0–112.0) | 104.0 (92.0–114.0) | 0.004 |
| RA pressure, mm Hg | 18.0 (14.0–22.0) | 19.0 (16.0–24.0) | 15.0 (12.0–18.0) | <0.001 |
| PA systolic pressure, mm Hg | 69.0 (60.0–80.0) | 72.0 (62.0–81.0) | 62.0 (56.0–69.0) | <0.001 |
| PA diastolic pressure, mm Hg | 34.0 (29.0–40.0) | 35.0 (30.0–40.0) | 30.0 (27.0–35.0) | <0.001 |
| Mean PA pressure, mm Hg | 45.3 (39.7–52.0) | 47.5 (41.7–54.0) | 41.0 (36.7–46.3) | <0.001 |
| PCWP, mm Hg | 34.0 (29.0–40.0) | 36.0 (32.0–42.0) | 30.0 (27.0–35.0) | <0.001 |
| PCWP to RA pressure gradient, mm Hg | 16.0 (12.0–21.0) | 17.0 (13.0–21.0) | 15.5 (11.0–19.0) | 0.005 |
| Transpulmonary gradient, mm Hg | 10.7 (7.0–15.3) | 11.0 (7.3–15.7) | 10.0 (6.7–14.3) | 0.16 |
| Stroke volume, mL | 52.8 (43.5–65.3) | 53.5 (44.4–67.6) | 51.6 (41.1–62.4) | 0.083 |
| Cardiac output, L/min | 8.0 (6.4–10.1) | 7.9 (6.1–9.7) | 8.8 (7.0–11.1) | <0.001 |
| Systemic vascular resistance, WU | 11.5 (9.0–15.0) | 12.0 (9.1–15.4) | 10.7 (8.2–14.6) | 0.010 |
| PVR, WU | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | 0.001 |
| Exercise PVR <1.74 WU, % | 46 | 60 | 0.001 | |
| Workload-corrected PCWP, mm Hg/W/kg | 76.6 (51.8–123.9) | 86.0 (58.6–145.7) | 57.8 (40.6–90.0) | <0.001 |
| PCWP/CO slope, mm Hg/L/min | 5.9 (3.6–10.5) | 6.2 (3.6–11.0) | 5.4 (3.6–9.7) | 0.31 |
| Change from rest to peak exercise | ||||
| ΔPCWP to RA gradient, mm Hg | 7 (3–12) | 6 (2–10) | 10 (7–14) | <0.001 |
| ΔPCWP, mm Hg | 16.0 (12.0–21.0) | 15.0 (10.0–20.0) | 19.0 (15.0–23.5) | <0.001 |
| ΔCO, L/min | 2.7 (1.6–4.2) | 2.4 (1.5–3.9) | 3.5 (2.2–4.8) | <0.001 |
| ΔPVR, WU | 0.21 (0.58–0.32) | 0.06 (0.46–0.433) | 0.41 (0.84–0.05) | <0.001 |
Values are median (IQR), unless otherwise indicated. Values of P < 0.03 are considered to be significantly different after adjustment for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate method.