Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the total cohort (N = 2774)
| Baseline characteristics | Global | ACR Tertile 1 (0.28–0.92) |
ACR Tertile 2 (0.92–1.13) |
ACR Tertile 3 (> 1.13) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 2774 | 916 | 912 | 942 | |
| Sex, male | 1547 (55.8) | 532 (58.1) | 507 (55.7) | 506 (53.7) | 0.157 |
| Age, years | 74.0 (64.0–82.0) | 73.0 (62.0–81.0) | 75.0 (64.0–82.0) | 75.0 (65.0–82.0) | 0.028 |
| Hypertension | 2062 (74.4) | 672 (73.4) | 665 (73.0) | 723 (76.8) | 0.123 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1407 (50.9) | 507 (55.7) | 420 (46.1) | 479 (51.1) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 959 (34.6) | 340 (37.1) | 239 (26.2) | 376 (39.9) | < 0.001 |
| Coronary heart disease | 399 (14.5) | 146 (16.0) | 111 (12.2) | 142 (15.1) | 0.053 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 844 (30.4) | 239 (26.1) | 290 (31.8) | 312 (33.1) | 0.002 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.8 (24.2–29.8) | 27.0 (24.5–29.9) | 26.6 (23.9–29.8) | 27.0 (24.2–29.7) | 0.440 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 154 (137–175) | 151 (135–173) | 153 (137–175) | 155 (139–178) | 0.042 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80.0 (70.0–91.0) | 80.0 (70.0–90.0) | 80.0 (71.0–91.0) | 80.0 (70.0–91.0) | 0.291 |
| rtPA treatment | 531 (19.5) | 155 (17.3) | 176 (19.7) | 200 (21.5) | 0.070 |
| Endovascular treatment | 663 (24.2) | 187 (20.7) | 221 (24.6) | 255 (27.4) | 0.003 |
| Baseline NIHSS | 4.00 (2.00–9.00) | 3.00 (2.00–7.00) | 4.00 (2.00–9.00) | 5.00 (2.00–12.0) | < 0.001 |
| TOAST | < 0.001 | ||||
| Atherotrombotic | 425 (15.3) | 156 (17.0) | 129 (14.1) | 139 (14.8) | |
| Cardioembolic | 887 (32.0) | 239 (26.1) | 300 (32.9) | 345 (36.6) | |
| Lacunar | 631 (22.7) | 234 (25.5) | 219 (24.0) | 178 (18.9) | |
| Undetermined | 738 (26.6) | 259 (28.3) | 235 (25.8) | 244 (25.9) | |
| Unusual | 93 (3.35) | 28 (3.06) | 29 (3.18) | 36 (3.82) | |
| Baseline mRS | 0.756 | ||||
| 0 | 2012 (72.5) | 660 (72.1) | 667 (73.1) | 681 (72.3) | |
| 1 | 392 (14.1) | 132 (14.4) | 133 (14.6) | 127 (13.5) | |
| 2 | 370 (13.3) | 124 (13.5) | 112 (12.3) | 134 (14.2) | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 121 (103–158) | 101 (91.0-117) | 116 (106–134) | 162 (133–210) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.80 (5.40–6.60) | 6.00 (5.60–6.90) | 5.70 (5.30–6.20) | 5.70 (5.20–6.80) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 40 (36–49) | 42 (38–52) | 39 (34–44) | 39 (33–51) | < 0.001 |
| ACR | 1.02 (0.88–1.21) | 0.82 (0.74–0.88) | 1.02 (0.97–1.06) | 1.33 (1.20–1.49) | < 0.001 |
| mRS during hospitalization | < 0.001 | ||||
| 0 | 644 (23.2) | 239 (26.1) | 211 (23.1) | 193 (20.5) | |
| 1 | 590 (21.3) | 211 (23.0) | 193 (21.2) | 186 (19.7) | |
| 2 | 594 (21.4) | 225 (24.6) | 199 (21.8) | 170 (18.0) | |
| 3 | 403 (14.5) | 115 (12.6) | 136 (14.9) | 152 (16.1) | |
| 4 | 261 (9.4) | 73 (7.97) | 87 (9.54) | 100 (10.6) | |
| 5 | 46 (1.6) | 7 (0.76) | 13 (1.43) | 26 (2.76) | |
| 6 | 236 (8.5) | 46 (5.02) | 73 (8.00) | 115 (12.2) | |
| Outcome according to mRS | < 0.001 | ||||
| Good | 1828 (65.9) | 675 (73.7) | 603 (66.1) | 549 (58.3) | |
| Poor | 946 (34.1) | 241 (26.3) | 309 (33.9) | 393 (41.7) | |
Continuous and categorical variables are expressed as median (interquartile range) and frequencies (percentages), respectively. Differences between groups have been tested using χ2 and U Mann-Whitney tests, as appropriate
ACR: acute-to-chronic glycaemic ratio; BMI: body mass index; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; mRS: Modified Rankin score; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; rtPA: recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; TOAST: Trial of ORG 10172 in acute stroke treatment