Figure 2.

IL‐coated PLGA NPs encapsulate abacavir (ABC), suppress viral replication in HIV‐1 treated human PBMCs without cytotoxicity, and show enhanced human microglia uptake in vitro. A) HIV‐1_BaL viral replication (n = 2) is attenuated by CA2HA 1:2‐coated PLGA NPs loaded with abacavir (ABC; 60 µg mL⁻¹; n = 3), free ABC alone (60 µg mL⁻¹) (n = 3), or CA2HA 1:2‐coated empty PLGA NPs (n = 3). ^* indicates significant difference from mock‐infected cells (n = 2); ^ indicates significant difference from HIV‐infected cells; p < 0.05 (Repeated‐Measures ANOVA). B) Bare and IL‐coated PLGA NPs with ABC (60 µg mL⁻¹) show little cytotoxicity when compared to mock‐infected PBMCs. ^* indicates significant difference from mock‐infected cells; ^ indicates significant difference from HIV‐1 infected cells; p < 0.05 (One‐Way ANOVA). C–E’) Immunocytochemistry on cultured primary human microglia : C–C’) Media‐control, D–D’) Bare PLGA NPs loaded with DiD (purple), and E–E’) IL‐PLGA NPs loaded with DiD. Cells were co‐labeled with anti‐Iba‐1 (green) and Hoechst nuclear stain (blue). Intracellular DiD (purple) accumulation was qualitatively greater when PLGA‐NPs were coated with IL (see E‐E’). Scale = 50 µm.