Table 2.

Overview of studies on proteomic biomarkers for prediction of preeclampsia (PE)

Study	Identified Biomarkers	Matrix	Size	When	Method
Targeted studies
Honigberg et al. (2016)61	- sFlt-1 - PIGF		- 2,355 Women	- 10 wks - 18 wks - 26 wks - 5 wks	- AUROC curve
Zeisler et al (2016)66	- sFlt-1/PIGF ratio	- Sera	- 500 Discovery - 550 Validation	- 24–366/7 wks	- Elecsys assays for sFlt-1 - electrochemiluminescence immunoassay platform for PIGF
Levine et al. (2006)65	- sEng - sFlt-1/PIGF ratio	- Sera	- 72 PTB PE - 120 Term PE - 120 Gestational hypertension - 120 SGA - 120 Controls	- 21–32 wks - 33–42 wks	- ELISA
Herraiz et al. (2018)64	- sFlt-1/PIGF ratio			- 24–28 wks
Taylor et al. (2015)72	- Leptin	- Sera	- 430 PE - 316 Controls	- 9–26 wks	- Generalized linear model
Untargeted studies
Ouyang et al. (2007)71	- Leptin	- Plasma	- 53 PE - 20 Controls
Chen et al. (2022)70	- IGFBP4 - ITIH2–4	- Plasma	- 17 Early-onset PE - 18 Late-onset PE - 18 Controls	- At hospital admission for delivery	- Untargeted MS; 370 proteins - Targeted for validation
Maric et al. (2022)10	- Leptin - VEGFA - SEL-L - SEL-E	- Plasma	- 17 PE - 16 Controls	- longitudinally	- Untargeted LC-MS (1,305 proteins)
Beernik et al. (2022)69	- ApoD - SEL-L - Ficolin-2 - Serum amyloid A-1 - Fibrinogen beta chain - Cartilage acidic protein 1 - Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 1	- Sera	- 23 PE - 23 Controls	- 11 wks - 14 wks	- Untargeted LC-MS

AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristics curve; SGA, small-for-gestational-age; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; MS, mass spectrometry; LC, liquid chromatography