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. 2024 May 13;30(6):1680–1688. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-02929-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 1 — Stage IIIB-IV NSCLC patients who are about to receiving ICIs or combination therapy with chemotherapy as first-line treatment are screened for enrollment in this study. Emotional distress at baseline is assessed using the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales, while QoL is evaluated based on the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire; A second assessment (Time 2) of emotional distress is conducted during follow-up. The efficacy of ICIs is evaluated every two cycles. Abbreviations: NSCLC, non-small-cell lung cancer; ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7, Generalized anxiety disorder 7-item; EORTC QLQ-C30, European organization for research and treatment of cancer core quality of life questionnaire; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; RECIST, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.