Table 3.

Summary of eye irritation studies of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB)

Subjects	Dose	Results	Refs.
Albino Rabbit (n = 3/group)	4.5% active CAPB, 0.1 mL	Unrinsed eyes: slight conjunctival erythema and chemosis in all 3 eyes Rinsed eyes: very slight conjunctival irritation in 2 of 3 eyes	[39]
Albino Rabbit (n = 3)	30% active CAPB, 0.1 mL	Mild conjunctival erythema, chemosis, and discharge Diffuse corneal opacity Slight iritis	[40]
Albino Rabbit (n = 3)	6% active CAPB, 0.1 mL	Mild conjunctival erythema and slight discharge	[41]
New Zealand White Rabbit (n = 6)	7.5% active CAPB (pH 8.3), 0.1 mL	Mild-to-moderate conjunctival irritation Moderate corneal opacity in 1 eye	[42]
Albino Rabbit (n = 1)	10% active CAPB (pH 6.1), 0.1 mL	Draize score 28 after day 1, 25 after day 2, 30 after day 3, 14 after day 4, 7 after day 7	[43]
New Zealand White Rabbit (unrinsed: n = 6; rinsed: n = 3)	30% active CAPB, 0.1 mL	Unrinsed eyes: corrosive (corneal opacity, slight iritis, conjunctival irritation, necrosis), mean eye irritation score 32.5 ± 4.4 after 24 h, 31.7 ± 3.3 after 48 h, 41.7 ± 11.7 after 72 h, 27.2 ± 11.4 after 7 days (scale 0–110) Rinsed eyes: minimal irritation (mean score = 10.0 + 2.0 after 24 h)	[44]
New Zealand White Rabbit (n = 9)	10% active CAPB, 0.1 mL	Unrinsed eyes: moderately irritating, mean eye irritation scores 25.7 ± 8.3 after 24 h, 16.7 ± 10.9 after 48 h, 9.3 ± 11.4 after 72 h, 0 by day 7 Rinsed eyes: nonirritating, mean score of 2.0 ± 2.0 after 24 h, 0 by 48 h	[45]
New Zealand White Rabbit (n = 6)	5% CAPB, 0.1 mL	Not an irritant Draize score = 4.90	[46]
New Zealand White Rabbit (n = 6)	10% CAPB, 0.1 mL	Moderately irritating Draize score = 27.3	[48]
Albino Rabbit (n = 6)	3.0% active CAPB	Corneal irritation scores: 0 on days 1 and 2, 1.66 on days 3 and 4, 4.16 on day 7 (max. score = 80) Iritis score: 8.33 on day 1, 4.16 by day 7 (scale 0–10) Conjunctival irritation score: 15.37 (scale 0–20), 6 by day 7	[49]
Albino Rabbit (n = 6)	3.0% active CAPB	No corneal irritation Iritis score: 5 on day 1, 0 by day 7 (scale 0–10) Conjunctival irritation score: 14.33 (scale 0–20), 0 by day 7	[49]
Albino Rabbit (n = 6)	3.0% active CAPB, 0.1 mL	An eye irritant Mean ocular index: 41.6 (max. 110)	[50, 51]
New Zealand White Rabbit (unrinsed: n = 6; rinsed: n = 3)	Soap formulation containing 2.3% active CAPB, 0.1 mL	Moderately irritating to iris and conjunctiva Unrinsed eyes: average irritation score = 18.7 Rinsed eyes: average irritation score = 20.0	[52]
New Zealand White Rabbit (unrinsed: n = 6; rinsed: n = 3)	Soap formulation containing 2.3% active CAPB	Unrinsed eyes: minimally irritating, average irritation score = 1.7 (max. 110) Rinsed eyes: mildly irritating, average irritation score = 3.3	[53]
New Zealand White Rabbit (n = 4, rinsed)	Soap formulation containing 6.5% active CAPB, 0.1 mL	Moderately irritating Mean corneal irritation score: 13.8, 18.8, 11.3, 5, 1.3 after 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days (max. 80) Mean iridial irritation score: 3.8 after 1 and 24 h, declining to 0 after 7 days Mean conjunctival irritation score: 11, 7.5, 4, 3.5, 2 after 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days Total mean irritation score = 30.0 (max. 110)	[54]
Albino Rabbit (n = 6)	Formulation containing 6.0% active CAPB, 0.1 mL	Conjunctival irritation: mean score 4 (max. 20) after day 1 No corneal irritation or iritis	[10]