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. 2024 Jun 19;14:14146. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64651-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effects of ERI on cGAS was evaluated. Immunofluorescence with (a) cGAS or (b) IFNβ was performed with MM231 cells treated with DMSO or PTX-short or PTX-long or ERI-short or ERI-long. Identically, Immunofluorescence with (c) cGAS or (d) IFNβ was performed with RPE1 cells treated with DMSO or PTX-short or PTX-long. DAPI and LAP2 were used for nuclear staining. The white lines are 10 μm. (e) The number of characteristic cells on average was counted and statistically compared. The meaning of the asterisks are as follows: *p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.05 (f) MM231 cells and RPE1 cells were used and their protein expression of cGAS, STING, pIRF3 and IFNβ was evaluated by western blotting. Vinculin was used as loading control. (g) The cGAS expression of the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions was evaluated by cell fractionation assay. Vinculin was used as cytoplasmic loading control and Histone H3 as nuclear loading control.