Table 3.
Bioactive constituents in three ginger varieties.
| Chemical constituent | Elephant ginger (%)* | Emprit ginger (%)* | Red ginger (%)** |
|---|---|---|---|
| (−)-Spathulenol | – | 0.44 | – |
| 1,8-Cineole | 6.4 | 7.95 | 15.1 |
| 1,8-p-Menthadiene | – | 2.74 | – |
| 2-Heptanone | 0.21 | 0.19 | – |
| 2-Nonanone | 0.95 | 1.21 | – |
| 2-Undecanone | 1.84 | 1.54 | – |
| 4-Terpineol | 0.88 | – | – |
| 4α-Methyl-trans-2-decalinone | – | 0.46 | – |
| ar-Curcumene | 2.75 | 6.86 | 16.9 |
| Bornyl acetate | 0.63 | 3.21 | – |
| Bornyl methyl ether | – | 0.18 | – |
| Camphene | 6.48 | 10.14 | – |
| Camphor | 0.45 | 1.31 | – |
| Caryopilen | – | 0.42 | – |
| Citral | 16.19 | 16.19 | – |
| Citronella | 1.31 | 0.47 | – |
| Citronellyl acetate | 0.27 | 0.51 | – |
| Cryptone | 0.4 | 0.5 | – |
| Cyclohexane | – | 1.27 | – |
| Cycloisolongifolene | 0.31 | – | – |
| d-3-Carene | 0.26 | – | – |
| d-Nerolidol | – | – | – |
| Farnesene | 3.8 | – | 3.6 |
| ɣ-Cadinene | – | – | – |
| Geranic acid | – | – | – |
| Geraniol formate | – | – | – |
| Geranyl acetate | 0.68 | – | – |
| Germacrene | 0.35 | – | – |
| ɣ-Maaliene | 0.95 | – | – |
| Isoborneol | 0.58 | – | 6.8 |
| Isogeraniol | – | 0.55 | – |
| Linalool | 2.57 | – | 2.0 |
| Methylheptenone | 2.33 | 2.44 | – |
| Myrtenal | – | – | – |
| n-Decanal | 2.2 | – | – |
| Neoallocimene | 0.28 | – | – |
| p-Cymene | 0.29 | 0.56 | – |
| Piperitenone | 0.32 | – | – |
| Piperitone | – | 0.25 | – |
| Sabinene | 6.19 | – | – |
| Squalene | – | 0.27 | – |
| Sylvestrene | – | – | – |
| Thiogeraniol | 0.31 | 0.36 | – |
| Tricyclene | 0.32 | 0.4 | – |
| Valencene | 0.32 | – | – |
| Z-Citral | 11.84 | 12.23 | 7.1 |
| Zingiberene | 0.07 | 0.22 | 2.3 |
| α-Bergamotene | 0.28 | – | – |
| α-Cedrene | 4.72 | – | – |
| α-Cubebene | 0.21 | – | – |
| α-Guaiene | 0.24 | – | – |
| α-Phellandrene | 0.53 | – | – |
| α-pinene | 3.22 | – | – |
| α-Terpineol | 2.24 | – | – |
| α-Terpinolene | 0.64 | – | – |
| β-Bisabolene | 2.28 | 2.64 | 6.4 |
| β-Elemene | 0.5 | 0.21 | – |
| β-Myrcene | 2.48 | 1.09 | 4.0 |
| β-Pinene | 0.87 | 0.49 | 0.9 |
| β-Sesquiphellandrene | 3.35 | 0.4 | 6.8 |
| Limonene | – | – | 4.1 |
| 6-Hepten-3-one | – | – | 3.2 |
| trans-Caryophyllene | – | – | 2.2 |
| Naphtalene | – | – | 1.4 |
| Neryl acetate | – | – | 1.6 |
| Geraniol | – | – | 3.9 |
| Geranial/e-citral | – | – | 12.0 |