. 2024 Feb 7;83(7):926–944. doi: 10.1136/ard-2023-224420

Table 1.

The 33 marker genes are used for annotating 11 distinct chondrocyte populations

Population	Marker gene	Function
ProC	*C11orf96* , *BMP2* and *HMGA1*	Chondrocyte differentiation, wound healing, cytoplasmic translation
EC	CHRDL2, ¹⁰ *FRZB* and CYTL1 ²⁵	Cartilage development
RegC	CHI3L1 ²⁵ and CHI3L2 ²⁵	Response to metal ion, amino sugar catabolic process
RepC	*CILP2* , CILP ⁹⁴ and *OGN*	Cartilage development and condensation, chondrocyte differentiation
HomC	*HSPA1B* , *HSPA1A* , *HSPA6* , DDIT3 ¹⁰ and JUN ¹⁰	Response to unfolded protein, response to heat
preHTC	*PRG4* , *ABI3BP* and *CRTAC1*	ECM organisation, TGF-β receptor signalling pathway
HTC	SPP1, ²⁵ IBSP ²⁵ and COL10A1 ²⁵	Cartilage development, ossification
preFC	*COL27A1* , *PLCG2* and *WWP2*	RNA splicing and processing
FC	*MMP2* , COL1A1 ¹⁰ and COL1A2 ¹⁰	Regulation of angiogenesis, ossification
preInfC	*IFI16* and *IFI27*	Focal adhesion, regulation of angiogenesis
InfC	*CXCL8* , *CD74* and *GPR183*	The inflammatory response and innate immune response

Part of the marker genes were reported by previous studies and the newly defined marker genes are highlighted in bold.

ECM, extracellular matrix; preFC, prefibrocartilage chondrocyte; preHTC, prehypertrophic chondrocyte; preInfC, pre-inflammatory chondrocyte; TGF, transforming growth factor.