TABLE 2.
Parameters studied, evaluation of results, comparison between baseline measures ‐ after treatment and treatment group—placebo.
| No | Author and year | Parameter studied | Treatment group | Placebo group | p‐value (treat‐ Pbo) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline measure‐ments (mean ± SD) | Post‐intervention measure‐ments (mean ± SD) | % Change ± SD | p‐value | Baseline measure‐ments (mean ± SD) | Post‐intervention measure‐ments (mean ± SD) | % change ± SD | p‐value | ||||
| 1 | Stenman et. al, 2016 37 | Body weight (kg) | 88.9 ± 10.3 | 88.49 ± 10.4 | NR | NR | 88.7 ± 12.5 | 89.7 ± 12.9 | NR | NR | 0.15 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.9 ± 1.9 | 30.8 ± 1.8 | NR | NR | 31.0 ± 2.2 | 31.3 ± 2.3 | NR | NR | NR | ||
| Waist circumfe‐rence (cm) | 103.3 ± 7.5 | NR | −2.4 | NR | 102.1 ± 7.5 | NR | NR | NR | 0.004 | ||
| Hip circumfe‐rence (cm) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0.79 | ||
| Total body fat (kg) | 35.9 ± 5.2 | 35.9 ± 5.7 | +0.1 ± 7.0 | NR | 36.4 ± 6.8 | 37.5 ± 7.1 | +3.1 ± 5.6 | NR | 0.002 | ||
| 2 | Krumbeck et. al, 2018 36 | Body weight (kg) | 94.8 ± 14.6 (IVS‐1) | NR | −0.1 ± 2.9 (IVS‐1) | NR | 96.8 ± 17.7 | NR | 0.4 ± 5.0 | NR | ˃0.05 |
| 98.5 ± 32.2 (BB‐12) | 0.6 ± 2.4 (BB‐12) | ||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.9 ± 6.2 (IVS‐1) | NR | −0.1 ± 2.9 (IVS‐1) | NR | 34.0 ± 4.5 | NR | 0.4 ± 5.0 | NR | ˃0.05 | ||
| 35.5 ± 10.3 (BB‐12) | 0.6 ± 2.4 (BB‐12) | ||||||||||
| Waist circumferen‐ce (cm) | 43.5 ± 4.4 (IVS‐1) | NR | 0.0 ± 6.9 (IVS‐1) | NR | 44.0 ± 11.0 | NR | −1.3 ± 3.8 | NR | ˃0.05 | ||
| 43.0 ± 9.9 (BB ‐12) | 0.2 ± 5.2 (BB‐12) | ||||||||||
| Hip circumferen‐ce (cm) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ˃0.05 | ||
| Total body fat (kg) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ˃0.05 | ||
| 3 | Michael et. al, 2020 39 | Body weight (kg) | 85.17 ± 13.28 | NR | −1.57 | <0.0001 | 83.97 ± 11.68 | NR | −0.05 | 0.7994 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.14 ± 2.73 | NR | −1.61 | <0.0001 | 28.97 ± 2.86 | NR | −0.07 | 0.7736 | <0.0001 | ||
| Waist circumferen‐ce (cm) | 100.20 ± 9.04 | NR | −0.93 | <0.0001 | 99.52 ± 8.32 | NR | −0.01 | 0.9549 | <0.0001 | ||
| Hip circumferen‐ce (cm) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
| Total body fat (kg) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
| 4 | Lim et.al, 2020 34 | Body weight (kg) | 73.0 ± 8.6 | 72.6 ± 8.6 | NR | 0.352 | 76.7 ± 10.4 | 77.2 ± 11.0 | NR | 0.034 | 0.058 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.2 ± 2.3 | 28.0 ± 2.5 | NR | 0.360 | 28.5 ± 2.5 | 28.7 ± 2.7 | NR | 0.033 | 0.065 | ||
| Waist circumferen‐ce (cm) | 91.0 ± 5.6 | 90.3 ± 5.6 | NR | 0.017 | 91.1 ± 7.1 | 91.3 ± 7.6 | NR | 0.301 | 0.013 | ||
| Hip circumferen‐ce (cm) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
| Total body fat (kg) | 27.0 ± 5.1 | 26.8 ± 5.3 | NR | 0.454 | 27.4 ± 5.8 | 28.0 ± 6.1 | NR | 0.003 | 0.018 | ||
| 5 | Michael et.al, 2021 38 | Body weight (kg) | 83.66 ± 11.26 | NR | −4.36 | <0.0001 | 81.16 ± 11.24 | NR | −0.60 | 0.0809 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.10 ± 1.55 | NR | −4.38 | <0.0001 | 27.90 ± 1.54 | NR | −0.65 | 0.0628 | <0.0001 | ||
| Waist circumferen‐ce (cm) | 104.20 ± 9.60 | NR | −2.91 | <0.0001 | 106.37 ± 11.93 | NR | −0.42 | 0.0521 | <0.0001 | ||
| Hip circumferen‐ce (cm) | 112.40 ± 6.665 | NR | −2.58 | <0.0001 | 111.06 ± 7.25 | NR | −0.22 | 0.2789 | <0.0001 | ||
| Total body fat (kg) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
| 6 | Rahayu et.al, 2021 35 | Body weight (kg) | 84.54 ± 17.62 | 83.14 ± 14.71 | NR | 0.04 | 79.37 ± 11.76 | 78.80 ± 11.77 | NR | 0.12 | NR |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.10 ± 6.15 | 32.57 ± 5.01 | NR | 0.04 | 31.80 ± 3.71 | 31.56 ± 3.67 | NR | 0.18 | NR | ||
| Waist circumferen‐ce (cm) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
| Hip circumferen‐ce (cm) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
| Total body fat (kg) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||