Table 3.
Comparison of OPD vs. MIPD patients who suffered a POPF following their pancreatoduodenectomy in the unmatched and 3:1 matched dataset
| Characteristic | Unmatched dataset | Matched dataset 3:1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPD | MIPD | p-value | OPD | MIPD | p-value | ||
| No. of patients | 2,843 | 240 | 705 | 235 | |||
| Age (yr) | 64.5 ± 11.9 | 63.3 ± 12.1 | 0.161 | 62.9 ± 12.8 | 63.3 ± 12.2 | 0.758 | |
| Sex | 0.019* | 0.970 | |||||
| Male | 1,666 (58.6) | 122 (50.8) | 367 (52.1) | 122 (51.9) | |||
| Female | 1,177 (41.4) | 118 (49.2) | 338 (47.9) | 113 (48.1) | |||
| Race | 0.275 | 0.828 | |||||
| White | 2,153 (75.7) | 174 (72.5) | 514 (72.9) | 173 (73.6) | |||
| Black | 167 (5.9) | 20 (8.3) | 63 (8.9) | 18 (7.7) | |||
| Others | 523 (18.4) | 46 (19.2) | 128 (18.2) | 44 (18.7) | |||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.7 ± 6.4 | 28.7 ± 6.8 | 0.921 | 28.4 ± 6.0 | 28.7 ± 6.8 | 0.492 | |
| Comorbidity | |||||||
| Hypertension | 1,544 (54.3) | 127 (52.9) | 0.678 | 359 (50.9) | 124 (52.8) | 0.624 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 570 (20.0) | 40 (16.7) | 0.207 | 118 (16.7) | 39 (16.6) | 0.960 | |
| COPD | 133 (4.7) | 8 (3.3) | 0.338 | 22 (3.1) | 8 (3.4) | 0.830 | |
| CHF | 10 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0.357 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | >0.999 | |
| ESRD | 7 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0.442 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | >0.999 | |
| Risk factor | |||||||
| Smoking | 420 (14.8) | 38 (15.8) | 0.657 | 118 (16.7) | 36 (15.3) | 0.611 | |
| Steroids | 93 (3.3) | 11 (4.6) | 0.280 | 29 (4.1) | 11 (4.7) | 0.709 | |
| Weight loss | 269 (9.5) | 19 (7.9) | 0.430 | 70 (9.9) | 19 (8.1) | 0.403 | |
| Bleeding disorder | 56 (2.0) | 5 (2.1) | 0.903 | 13 (1.8) | 5 (2.1) | 0.783 | |
| Preoperative anemia | 7 (0.2) | 2 (0.8) | 0.105 | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | 0.738 | |
| Indication | 0.054 | 0.819 | |||||
| Malignancy | 1,954 (68.7) | 147 (61.3) | 426 (60.4) | 146 (62.1) | |||
| Benign | 874 (30.7) | 91 (37.9) | 274 (38.9) | 88 (37.4) | |||
| Unknown | 15 (0.5) | 2 (0.8) | 5 (0.7) | 1 (0.4) | |||
| Neoadjuvant therapy | |||||||
| NAC | 353 (12.4) | 23 (9.6) | 0.198 | 65 (9.2) | 23 (9.8) | 0.796 | |
| NAR | 1,357 (9.0) | 67 (5.1) | <0.001* | 22 (3.1) | 6 (2.6) | 0.658 | |
| Biliary stent | 1,338 (47.1) | 113 (47.1) | 0.995 | 325 (46.1) | 111 (47.2) | 0.763 | |
| Duct size (mm) | 0.001* | 0.822 | |||||
| <3 | 1,300 (45.7) | 132 (55.0) | 399 (56.6) | 130 (55.3) | |||
| 3–6 | 1,345 (47.3) | 84 (35.0) | 249 (35.3) | 83 (35.3) | |||
| >6 | 198 (7.0) | 24 (10.0) | 57 (8.1) | 22 (9.4) | |||
| Texture | 0.008* | 0.871 | |||||
| Soft | 2,050 (72.1) | 193 (80.4) | 570 (80.9) | 189 (80.4) | |||
| Intermediate | 264 (9.3) | 21 (8.8) | 53 (7.5) | 20 (8.5) | |||
| Hard | 529 (18.6) | 26 (10.8) | 82 (11.6) | 26 (11.1) | |||
| Reconstruction | 0.222 | 0.866 | |||||
| PJ duct-to-mucosa | 2,496 (87.8) | 219 (91.3) | 649 (92.1) | 214 (91.1) | |||
| PJ invagination | 259 (9.1) | 14 (5.8) | 38 (5.4) | 14 (6.0) | |||
| PG | 88 (3.1) | 7 (2.9) | 18 (2.6) | 7 (3.0) | |||
| Drain | 2,684 (94.4) | 239 (99.6) | 0.001* | 701 (99.4) | 234 (99.6) | 0.796 | |
Values are presented as number only, mean ± standard deviation or number (%).
OPD, open pancreatoduodenectomy; MIPD, minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy; POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula; COPD, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; ESRD, end stage renal disease; NAC, neoadjuvant chemotherapy; NAR, neoadjuvant radiation; PJ, pancreaticojejunostomy; PG, pancreaticogastrostomy.
*p < 0.05, statistically significant.