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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Med. 2023 Dec 19;51(2):164–173. doi: 10.1080/08964289.2023.2290485

Table 2.

Descriptive Statistics and Correlations among Variables

Mean/[n] SD / [%] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

1. Age 44.98 10.51 --
2. Sex (female) [31] [32.60] −.27** --
3. SF-36 2.94 1.12 .14 −.02 --
4. FTCD 5.44 1.86 −.01 .09 .16 --
5. GCPS-CPI 13.52 7.62 −.05 −.08 .35** .11 --
6. PIPS-avoid 23.89 10.64 .03 .03 .40** .15 .44** --
7. Prior quit problems 2.29 .89 −.19 .30** .33** .28** .27** .39** --
8. BCS 27.88 11.62 −.20 .23* .20 .35** .14 .32** .58** --
9. SCQ-NR 5.67 2.27 −.25* .18 .16 .25* .16 .19 .52** .61** --

Note. N = 95

***

p < .001

**

p < .01

*

p < .05.

Sex: 0 = Male, 1 = Female; SF-36= 36-Item Short Form Health Survey 57; FTCD= Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence 33; GCPS-CPI= Graded Chronic Pain Scale-Chronic Pain Intensity 37; PIPS-avoid= Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale- Avoidance of Pain ; Prior quit problems= Smoking History Questionnaire 29; BCS = Barriers to Cessation Scale 30; SCQ-NR = Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Negative Reinforcement/Negative Affect Reduction.31