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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Dec 19;231(2):250.e1–250.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.12.020

Table 3.

Commonly used prescription medications with known/suspected teratogenic effects during pre-LMP and 1st trimester in MarketScan (2011–2020) and MAX/TAF (2011–2018)

MarketScan MAX/TAF
Medication Pre-LMP 1st Trimester Pre-LMP 1st Trimester

Cholestyramine 395 250 275 159
Colchicine 140 68 89 60
Cyclophosphamide <11 <11 <11 <11
Danazol 17 <11 14 <10
Isotretinoin 157 28 50 15
Mercaptopurine 293 236 102 77
Methimazole 827 653 1,121 962
Methotrexate 487 115 366 160
Misoprostol 10,138 501 3,283 236
Propylthiouracil 623 1,470 280 1,217
Streptomycin sulfate <11 0 0 0
Tetracycline 932 264 420 135
Warfarin 583 311 775 453

Counts > 0 or < 11 suppressed. Know/Suspected teratogens with zero exposed: busulfan, chlorambucil, dactinomycin, doxorubicin, thalidomide, vinblastine, and vincristine

LMP: last menstrual period