Table 2.
Multivariable logistic regression analyses investigating the association between the GAD‐2 polygenic score and comorbid anxiety in multiple sclerosis compared to persons with multiple sclerosis/no anxiety.
| Binary outcome | Sample | Meta‐analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada | UK | USA | ||
| Current GAD‐7 ≥ 10 | 1.24 (0.84–1.81); 0.9 | 2.03 (1.2–3.4); 0.006 | N/A | 1.47 (1.09–1.99), 0.02, 58.2% 1 |
| Lifetime DSM‐5 anxiety disorders | 1.35 (0.95–1.90); 0.08 | 1.03 (0.76–1.40); 0.9 | N/A | 1.16 (0.93–1.45), 0.18, 29.8% |
| Lifetime self‐reported physician diagnosed anxiety | 1.17 (0.82–1.67); 0.1 | 0.93 (0.71–1.21); 0.7 | 1.20 (0.98–1.47), 0.08 | 1.07 (0.93–1.23), 0.35, 29.6% |
Data represented as odds ratio (95% CI), P‐value, I 2 (for meta‐analyses). Bolded P‐value indicates P ≤ 0.05. The outcome is multiple sclerosis/anxiety (case) compared with multiple sclerosis/no anxiety (control). Each anxiety measure is assessed as a separate model and includes the polygenic score for GAD‐2, the first five genetic ancestry principal components, age, and sex.
1
Random‐effect inverse variance‐weighted model, whereas others used a fixed effect.