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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 20.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2023 Oct 16;111(24):3926–3940.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.017

Figure 4. In vivo photoactivation of PhOX suppresses pain-related behavior and drives behavioral reinforcement.

Figure 4.

(A) Schematic indicating the implantation of an optical fiber in the NAc-mSh (top left), representative fluorescence image of the optical fiber implant site (scale bars, 1 mm) (top right), and experimental timeline (bottom).

(B) Paw withdrawal latency in the Hargreaves assay (n = 6 mice, ** indicates p < 0.005, paired two-tailed t test).

(C) Same as (A) for the PAG (scale bars, 0.5 mm).

(D) Withdrawal latency in the tail flick assay (n = 6 mice, * indicates p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

(E) Same as (A) for the VTA (scale bars, 0.5 mm).

(F) Withdrawal latency in the tail flick assay (n = 4 mice, no significant differences detected, Mann-Whitney test).

(G) Schematic depicting the CPP protocol.

(H) Time spent in zone B on test days (n = 8 mice, repeated measures one-way ANOVA, F(1.13,7.88) = 19.4, p = 0.002, Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test). All data are plotted as mean ± SEM. See also Figure S4.