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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 20.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2023 Oct 16;111(24):3926–3940.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.017

Figure 5. In vivo photoactivation of PhOX in the VTA drives rapid locomotor activation.

Figure 5.

(A) Example maps of open field locomotor activity.

(B) Plot of average velocity over time (n = 6 mice).

(C) Summary plot of the total distance traveled before or after photoactivation (n = 6 mice, Wilcoxon signed-rank test).

(D) Same as (A).

(E) Same as (B) (n = 7 mice).

(F) Same as (C) (n = 7 mice, paired two-tailed t test).

(G) Same as (B) but comparing PhOX photoactivation to systemic morphine (n = 10 mice).

(H) Summary plot of the instantaneous peak velocity reached after morphine injection or PhOX photoactivation (n = 10 mice, repeated measures one-way ANOVA, F(2.2, 19.3) = 2.33, p = 0.12).

(I) Summary plot of the time to reach the peak locomotor response (n = 10 mice, repeated measures one-way ANOVA, F(1.9, 16.9) = 36.12, p < 0.0001, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). All data are plotted as mean ± SEM. See also Figure S5.