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. 2024 Jun 5;5:1381184. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1381184

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© 2024 Akinyemi, Weldeslase, Odusanya, Fasokun, Agboola, Andine, Ayeni, Michael and Hughes.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Association between the distressed communities Index and asthma related ED visits in Maryland (2018–2020): the forest plot illustrates the relationship between community distress levels and the likelihood of a specific outcome, expressed as adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The analysis shows increasing odds of the outcome as community distress levels rise, with “Distressed” communities showing the highest odds ratio at 1.65 (95% CI 1.62–1.69). Overall effect across all categories is an OR of 1.26 (95% CI 1.25–1.27), with a high degree of heterogeneity (I² = 99.5%, P = 0.000), indicating substantial variability in effects across studied groups.