Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Total (N = 773) |
History of migraine | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 354) |
No (n = 419) |
p-value | ||
| Age, y | 0.015 a | |||
| Mean (SD) | 49.4 (11.0) | 48.3 (10.9) | 50.3 (11.0) | |
| Median (IQR) | 49.0 (41.6, 56.9) | 48.4 (40.3, 55.0) | 49.8 (43.0, 58.0) | |
| Sex, n (%) | < 0.001 b | |||
| Male | 51 (6.6) | 10 (2.8) | 41 (9.8) | |
| Female | 721 (93.3) | 343 (96.9) | 378 (90.2) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.599 b | |||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.5) | |
| Asian | 13 (1.7) | 6 (1.7) | 7 (1.7) | |
| Black/African American | 56 (7.2) | 25 (7.1) | 31 (7.4) | |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | |
| White | 662 (85.6) | 300 (84.7) | 362 (86.4) | |
| Multiracial | 8 (1.0) | 5 (1.4) | 3 (0.7) | |
| Other | 3 (0.4) | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Unknown | 28 (3.6) | 16 (4.5) | 12 (2.9) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.389 b | |||
| Hispanic/Latino | 36 (4.7) | 19 (5.4) | 17 (4.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic/Latino | 737 (95.3) | 335 (94.6) | 402 (95.9) | |
| Symptoms of index SCAD, n (%) | ||||
| Chest pain | 692 (89.5) | 317 (89.5) | 375 (89.5) | 0.982 b |
| Arm/shoulder pain | 423 (54.7) | 197 (55.6) | 226 (53.9) | 0.634 b |
| Shortness of breath | 290 (37.5) | 145 (41.0) | 145 (34.6) | 0.069 b |
| Palpitations | 125 (16.2) | 59 (16.7) | 66 (15.8) | 0.731 b |
| Jaw pain | 195 (25.2) | 104 (29.4) | 91 (21.7) | 0.015 b |
| Cardiac arrest | 39 (5.0) | 18 (5.1) | 21 (5.0) | 0.963 b |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 15 (1.9) | 7 (2.0) | 8 (1.9) | 0.945 b |
| High cholesterol | 123 (15.9) | 59 (16.7) | 64 (15.3) | 0.598 b |
| Hypertension | 205 (26.5) | 99 (28.0) | 106 (25.3) | 0.403 b |
| Ischemic stroke | 7 (0.9) | 3 (0.8) | 4 (1.0) | 0.875 b |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 5 (0.6) | 3 (0.8) | 2 (0.5) | 0.522 b |
| Transient ischemic attack | 6 (0.8) | 6 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.007 b |
| Known aneurysm c | 42 (5.4) | 23 (6.5) | 19 (4.5) | 0.230 b |
| Known dissection c | 112 (14.5) | 60 (16.9) | 52 (12.4) | 0.074 b |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.056 b | |||
| Active or former smoker | 197 (25.5) | 84 (23.7) | 113 (27.0) | |
| Never smoker | 567 (73.4) | 269 (76.0) | 298 (71.1) | |
| Prefer not to say | 9 (1.2) | 1 (0.3) | 8 (1.9) | |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 0.141 b | |||
| Never drinker | 185 (23.9) | 92 (26.0) | 93 (22.2) | |
| Less than one drink per week | 327 (42.3) | 157 (44.4) | 170 (40.6) | |
| More than one drink per week | 251 (32.5) | 100 (28.2) | 151 (36.0) | |
| Prefer not to say | 10 (1.3) | 5 (1.4) | 5 (1.2) | |
| Menstrual cycle, n (%) | < 0.001 b | |||
| Premenopausal | 238 (30.8) | 112 (31.6) | 126 (30.1) | |
| Perimenopausal | 78 (10.1) | 39 (11.0) | 39 (9.3) | |
| Postmenopausal | 363 (47.0) | 162 (45.8) | 201 (48.0) | |
| Unsure | 42 (5.4) | 30 (8.5) | 12 (2.9) | |
| Not applicable | 52 (6.7) | 11 (3.1) | 41 (9.8) | |
| Hormone replacement therapy, n (%) | 0.372 b | |||
| Yes | 100 (12.9) | 50 (14.1) | 50 (11.9) | |
| No | 263 (34.0) | 112 (31.6) | 151 (36.0) | |
| Not applicable | 410 (53.0) | 192 (54.2) | 218 (52.0) | |
| Age of menopause | 0.775 a | |||
| Mean (SD) | 48.7 (6.6) | 48.4 (7.6) | 49.0 (5.7) | |
| Median (IQR) | 50.0 (46.0, 53.0) | 50.0 (46.0, 53.0) | 50.0 (46.0, 53.0) | |
| Oral contraceptive pills, n (%) | 0.266 b | |||
| Yes | 600 (77.6) | 283 (79.9) | 317 (75.7) | |
| No | 34 (4.4) | 16 (4.5) | 18 (4.3) | |
| Not applicable | 139 (18.0) | 55 (15.5) | 84 (20.0) | |
| Inherited connective tissue disorder, n (%) | 0.193 b | |||
| Yes | 10 (1.3) | 7 (2.0) | 3 (0.7) | |
| No | 516 (66.8) | 227 (64.1) | 289 (69.0) | |
| Not assessed | 243 (31.4) | 119 (33.6) | 124 (29.6) | |
| Missing | 4 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.7) | |
| Systemic inflammatory disorder, n (%) | 0.449 b | |||
| Yes | 48 (6.2) | 25 (7.1) | 23 (5.5) | |
| No | 592 (76.6) | 262 (74.0) | 330 (78.8) | |
| Not assessed | 128 (16.6) | 64 (18.1) | 64 (15.3) | |
| Missing | 5 (0.6) | 3 (0.8) | 2 (0.5) | |
| PCI performed during hospitalization, n (%) | 0.381 b | |||
| Yes | 181 (23.4) | 81 (22.9) | 100 (23.9) | |
| No | 578 (74.8) | 267 (75.4) | 311 (74.2) | |
| Not assessed | 6 (0.8) | 1 (0.3) | 5 (1.2) | |
| Missing | 8 (1.0) | 5 (1.4) | 3 (0.7) | |
| CABG performed during hospitalization, n (%) | 0.275 b | |||
| Yes | 28 (3.6) | 12 (3.4) | 16 (3.8) | |
| No | 733 (94.8) | 335 (94.6) | 398 (95.0) | |
| Not assessed | 6 (0.8) | 2 (0.6) | 4 (1.0) | |
| Missing | 6 (0.8) | 5 (1.4) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Medical therapy only during hospitalization, n (%) | 0.853 b | |||
| Yes | 559 (72.3) | 256 (72.3) | 303 (72.3) | |
| No | 198 (25.6) | 91 (25.7) | 107 (25.5) | |
| Not assessed | 4 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (0.7) | |
| Missing | 12 (1.6) | 6 (1.7) | 6 (1.4) | |
| Received beta-blockers during hospitalization, n (%) | 591 (76.5) | 274 (77.4) | 317 (75.7) | 0.569 b |
| Received beta-blockers at discharge, n (%) | 648 (83.8) | 300 (84.7) | 348 (83.1) | 0.525 b |
| Received beta-blockers at day 360, n (%) | 243/298 (81.5) | 116/140 (82.9) | 127/158 (80.4) | 0.582 b |
| In-hospital cerebrovascular accident, n (%) | 0.186 b | |||
| Yes | 4 (0.5) | 4 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| No | 725 (93.8) | 330 (93.2) | 395 (94.3) | |
| Not assessed | 14 (1.8) | 6 (1.7) | 8 (1.9) | |
| Missing | 30 (3.9) | 14 (4.0) | 16 (3.8) | |
| Taking NSAID regularly, n (%) | < 0.001 b | |||
| Yes | 228 (29.5) | 130 (36.7) | 98 (23.4) | |
| No | 436 (56.4) | 177 (50.0) | 259 (61.8) | |
| Not sure | 109 (14.1) | 47 (13.3) | 62 (14.8) | |
a
Kruskal–Wallis p-value; bchi-squared p-value; cprior to the index SCAD.
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; NSAID, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SCAD, spontaneous coronary artery dissection.