TABLE 3.

Etiologies of AKI and clinical scenarios

Cause	Examples
“Prerenal” absolute or functional hypovolemia	Infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal losses for example, diarrhea, hypovolemia
ATN	Nephrotoxins, progression of prerenal injury
GN	Hepatitis B and C related
IgA nephropathy	Most common finding, however, mostly with minimal clinical and biopsy findings
AIN	Antibiotics or PPI related
Drug-induced AKI	Inadequately adjusted doses for antimicrobials

AIN, acute interstitial nephritis; AKI, acute kidney injury; ATN, acute tubular necrosis; GN, glomerulonephritis; IgA, immunoglobulin A; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.