Table 3.

Hyperprogressive disease.

Mechanism	Cause	Consequences	Citation
Genetic alteration	EGFR alteration and MDM2 amplification DNMT3a alteration	Inhibition of p53	(90, 91)
Alteration in oncogenic pathways	Alteration of FGF2/β-catenin oncogene pathway	Escape through a T cell dependant mechanism	(92)
Modification of the immune infiltration	Imbalance between Teff and regulatory T cells (Treg) Increased infiltration of Type 2 macrophages	Escape through a T cell dependant mechanism Activated through the Fc portion of the ICIs	(93) (91, 92, 94)