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. 2024 Feb 28;34(3):511–521. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1779587

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Indian Radiological Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License, which permits unrestricted reproduction and distribution, for non-commercial purposes only; and use and reproduction, but not distribution, of adapted material for non-commercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1 — A left cerebral hemisphere giant cavernous malformation (CM) in a 33-year-old male patient with seizure and headache. (A) Coronal computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrates a large heterogeneous calcified mass in the left cerebral hemisphere. (B) Sagittal T2-weighted image (T2WI), (C) axial T2WI and (D) axial T1WI show that the mass demonstrates heterogeneous signals with “salt and pepper” appearance on nonenhanced T1WI. (E ) Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) demonstrates intense “blooming artifacts” due to calcifications and chronic hemorrhage. (F) The mass is mainly hypointense on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and includes a focal-restricted diffusion due to a recent hemorrhage ( arrow ). (G) Axial view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the time-of-flight magnetic resonance (MR) angiography shows the cavernoma vessels in the left cerebral hemisphere. (H) Contrast-enhanced T1WI demonstrates heterogeneous enhancement.