Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to renal function changes.
| Maintained (n = 2,170) | Improved (n = 2,276) | Worsened (n = 680) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interval of medical check-ups, years, mean SD | 2.23 ± 0.84 | 2.28 ± 0.88 | 2.39 ± 0.88 | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 71.87 ± 7.16 | 70.08 ± 8.00 | 74.59 ± 7.03 | <0.001 |
| <65 | 305 (14.06) | 492 (21.62) | 65 (9.56) | <0.001 |
| 65 to <75 | 1,040 (47.93) | 1,091 (47.93) | 237 (34.85) | |
| ≥75 | 825 (38.02) | 693 (30.45) | 378 (55.59) | |
| Men | 1,190 (54.84) | 1,291 (56.72) | 373 (54.85) | 0.404 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc, mean SD | 4.55 ± 1.62 | 4.27 ± 1.69 | 5.03 ± 1.62 | <0.001 |
| ≥3 | 1,955 (90.09) | 1,918 (84.27) | 638 (93.82) | <0.001 |
| CCI, mean SD | 5.29 ± 2.67 | 497 ± 2.61 | 6.27 ± 3.00 | <0.001 |
| ≥3 | 1,837 (84.65) | 1,867 (82.03) | 616 (90.59) | <0.001 |
| HAS-BLED scorea | 2.64 ± 0.97 | 2.44 ± 0.96 | 3.07 ± 1.02 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 2,038 (93.92) | 2,092 (91.92) | 660 (97.06) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1,203 (55.44) | 1,135 (49.87) | 430 (63.24) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1,810 (83.41) | 1,804 (79.26) | 573 (84.26) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 1,169 (53.87) | 1,189 (52.24) | 421 (61.91) | <0.001 |
| Prior ischemic stroke | 507 (23.36) | 529 (23.24) | 167 (24.56) | 0.768 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 106 (4.88) | 115 (5.05) | 55 (8.09) | 0.004 |
| Prior intracranial hemorrhage | 19 (0.88) | 34 (1.49) | 6 (0.88) | 0.121 |
| Prior gastrointestinal bleeding | 148 (6.82) | 147 (6.46) | 65 (9.56) | 0.019 |
| Liver disease | 1,077 (49.63) | 1,148 (50.44) | 374 (55) | 0.047 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 709 (32.67) | 695 (30.54) | 249 (36.62) | 0.010 |
| COPD | 170 (7.83) | 181 (7.95) | 81 (11.91) | 0.002 |
| Cancer | 724 (33.36) | 773 (33.96) | 225 (33.09) | 0.874 |
| Antiplatelet Use | 0.004 | |||
| None | 1,397 (64.38) | 1,452 (63.8) | 393 (57.79) | |
| Aspirin only | 352 (16.22) | 371 (16.3) | 111 (16.32) | |
| P2Y12 only | 181 (8.34) | 203 (8.92) | 65 (9.56) | |
| Both | 240 (11.06) | 250 (10.98) | 111 (16.32) | |
| Baseline Body weight, mean SD | 65.28 ± 11.23 | 65.43 ± 11.51 | 63.51 ± 11.3 | <0.001 |
| <50 kg | 162 (7.47) | 176 (7.73) | 70 (10.29) | 0.038 |
| 50 to <60 kg | 608 (28.02) | 611 (26.85) | 204 (30) | |
| ≥60 kg | 1,400 (64.52) | 1,489 (65.42) | 406 (59.71) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.18 ± 3.39 | 25.01 ± 3.21 | 24.9 ± 3.34 | 0.0887 |
| Baseline SCr, mean SD | 1.24 ± 0.18 | 1.23 ± 0.17 | 1.28 ± 0.19 | <0.001 |
| Baseline SCr, ≥1.5 | 294 (13.55) | 197 (8.66) | 150 (22.06) | <0.001 |
| Baseline eGFR, mean SD (mL/min) | 54.23 ± 4.11 | 55.47 ± 3.72 | 52.21 ± 4.26 | <0.001 |
| Follow-up eGFR, mean SD | 53.17 ± 4.25 | 76.16 ± 46.42 | 37.61 ± 6.44 | <0.001 |
| Baseline OAC type | 0.004 | |||
| Warfarin | 868 (40) | 1,010 (44.38) | 304 (44.71) | |
| Rivaroxaban | 521 (24.01) | 505 (22.19) | 152 (22.35) | |
| Dabigatran | 334 (15.39) | 338 (14.85) | 88 (12.94) | |
| Apixaban | 318 (14.65) | 287 (12.61) | 112 (16.47) | |
| Edoxaban | 129 (5.94) | 136 (5.98) | 24 (3.53) | |
| Baseline OAC dose | <0.001 | |||
| Warfarin | 868 (40) | 1,010 (44.38) | 304 (44.71) | |
| Standard | 503 (23.18) | 540 (23.73) | 106 (15.59) | |
| Low dose | 744 (34.29) | 668 (29.35) | 245 (36.03) | |
| Very low dose | 55 (2.53) | 58 (2.55) | 25 (3.68) | |
| Baseline OAC dose, label | <0.001 | |||
| Warfarin | 868 (40) | 1,010 (44.38) | 304 (44.71) | |
| On-label standard dose | 451 (20.78) | 502 (22.06) | 82 (12.06) | |
| On-label low dose | 379 (17.47) | 307 (13.49) | 121 (17.79) | |
| Off-label overdose | 52 (2.4) | 38 (1.67) | 24 (3.53) | |
| Off-label underdose | 420 (19.35) | 419 (18.41) | 149 (21.91) | |
CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; OAC, oral anticoagulant; SCr, serum creatinine; SD, standard deviation.
Numbers are mean ± standard deviation or n (%).
a
The HAS-BLED score was calculated without the use of NSAID due to a lack of information.