Table 2.
Hazard ratios of clinical outcomes according to renal function changes.
| N | Event | IRa | Model 1 HR (95% CI) | p-value | Model 2 HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcome | |||||||
| Stroke + major bleeding + kidney failure + all-cause death | |||||||
| Maintained | 2,170 | 483 | 5.97 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Improved | 2,276 | 462 | 5.31 | 0.886 (0.780, 1.007) | 0.063 | 0.988 (0.869, 1.124) | 0.860 |
| Worsened | 680 | 284 | 12.75 | 2.145 (1.852, 2.484) | <0.001 | 1.574 (1.354, 1.830) | <0.001 |
| Secondary outcome | |||||||
| Ischemic stroke | |||||||
| Maintained | 2,170 | 164 | 1.99 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Improved | 2,276 | 161 | 1.81 | 0.914 (0.736, 1.137) | 0.420 | 0.976 (0.784,1.216) | 0.830 |
| Worsened | 680 | 75 | 3.21 | 1.598 (1.216, 2.100) | <0.001 | 1.311 (0.991, 1.735) | 0.058 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | |||||||
| Maintained | 2,170 | 24 | 0.28 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Improved | 2,276 | 31 | 0.34 | 1.214 (0.713, 2.069) | 0.475 | 1.257 (0.733, 2.156) | 0.405 |
| Worsened | 680 | 11 | 0.45 | 1.585 (0.776, 3.235) | 0.206 | 1.425 (0.687, 2.955) | 0.341 |
| GIB | |||||||
| Maintained | 2,170 | 74 | 0.88 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Improved | 2,276 | 53 | 0.59 | 0.669 (0.470, 0.952) | 0.025 | 0.736 (0.516, 1.051) | 0.092 |
| Worsened | 680 | 40 | 1.65 | 1.870 (1.273, 2.748) | 0.001 | 1.488 (1.004, 2.207) | 0.048 |
| Major bleeding | |||||||
| Maintained | 2,170 | 97 | 1.15 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Improved | 2,276 | 83 | 0.92 | 0.802 (0.598, 1.075) | 0.139 | 0.860 (0.640, 1.156) | 0.318 |
| Worsened | 680 | 50 | 2.08 | 1.791 (1.273, 2.519) | 0.001 | 1.457 (1.027, 2.066) | 0.035 |
| Kidney failure | |||||||
| Maintained | 2,170 | 311 | 3.62 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Improved | 2,276 | 285 | 3.11 | 0.851 (0.724, 0.999) | 0.048 | 0.980 (0.833, 1.152) | 0.802 |
| Worsened | 680 | 197 | 7.93 | 2.217 (1.854, 2.650) | <0.001 | 1.492 (1.243, 1.792) | <0.001 |
| All-cause death | |||||||
| Maintained | 2,170 | 14 | 0.16 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Improved | 2,276 | 6 | 0.06 | 0.396 (0.152, 1.030) | 0.057 | 0.405 (0.155, 1.063) | 0.067 |
| Worsened | 680 | 39 | 1.60 | 10.087 (5.474, 18.588) | <0.001 | 9.294 (4.92, 17.555) | <0.001 |
| Stroke + major bleeding | |||||||
| Maintained | 2,170 | 238 | 2.94 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Improved | 2,276 | 235 | 2.69 | 0.920 (0.769, 1.102) | 0.367 | 0.990 (0.825, 1.187) | 0.910 |
| Worsened | 680 | 122 | 5.40 | 1.821 (1.463, 2.265) | <0.001 | 1.506 (1.204, 1.883) | <0.001 |
| Stroke + major bleeding + all-cause death | |||||||
| Maintained | 2,170 | 475 | 5.86 | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||
| Improved | 2,276 | 459 | 5.26 | 0.896 (0.788, 1.019) | 0.093 | 1.004 (0.882, 1.143) | 0.954 |
| Worsened | 680 | 268 | 11.86 | 2.030 (1.748, 2.358) | <0.001 | 1.478 (1.267, 1.723) | <0.001 |
CCI, charlson comorbidity index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; DL, dyslipidemia; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; GIB, gastrointestinal bleeding; HF, heart failure; HTN, hypertension; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; IR, incident rate; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral artery disease.
Model 1: Unadjusted.
Model 2: Age, sex, CHA2DS2-VASc score, HAS-BLED score, CCI, HTN, DM, DL, HF, prior MI, prior Stroke, prior ICH, prior GIB, PAD, Liver disease, COPD, cancer, body weight, eGFR, antiplatelet adjusted.
a
IR, per 100 person-years.