Table 3.

Validation of PPyTri/GNPs-5% NCs fabricated sensor probe using real samples by recovery method.

Real samples	Added Hg2+ conc. (nM)	Measured Hg2+ conc.a by Au PPyTri/GNPs-5% NCs (nM)			Average recoveryb (%)	RSDc (%) (n=3)
		R1	R2	R3
Industrial Effluent	50.00	50.37	51.37	49.92	100.11	0.61
Sea water	50.00	50.15	51.32	50.48	101.30	0.49
Tap water	50.00	51.33	49.86	50.08	100.85	0.65

^aCalculations using PPyTri/GNPs-5% NCs were averaged across 3 repetitions.

^bMeasurement or calculation of Hg²⁺ concentration. (Unit: µM).

^cAccuracy in 3 replicated measurements (R1, R2, and R3) is represented by their relative standard deviation (RSD) value.