Table 1. Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review.
| Study | Study year | Region | Study design | Population (years old) | Mean age (years) | Sample size | Recall period (days) | Coding system |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abi-Ackel13 | 2003 | Southeast | Cross-sectional | Older adults (≥ 60) | 69.7 | 1,635 | 15 | ATC |
| Bertoldi14 | 2002 | South | Cross-sectional | Adults ≥ 20 | 32.9 | 3,182 | 15 | Brazilian List of Essential Medicines |
| Blay15 | 2002 | Southeast | Cross-sectional | Adults 18-65 | NR | 2,000 | 360 | Ministry of Health List of Controlled Products |
| Campanha16 | 2005-2007 | Southeast | Cross-sectional | Adults ≥ 18 | 41.0 | 2,935 | 360 | ATC |
| Fernandes17 | 2014-2015 | Southeast | Cross-sectional | Adults ≥ 20 | 54.4 | 1,953 | 15 | ATC |
| Garcias18 | 2006 | South | Cross-sectional | Adults ≥ 40 | NR | 1,327 | 15 | Coding system not reported or not used |
| Lima19 | 1994 | South | Cross-sectional | Any ≥ 15 | 41.4 | 1,277 | 15 | Ministry of Health List of Controlled Products |
| Lima20 | 2001-2002 | Southeast | Cross-sectional | Any ≥ 15 | 49.0 | 1,023 | 3 | ATC |
| Loyola Filho21 | 1997 and 2012 | Southeast | Cohort | Older adults (≥ 60) | 1997: 79.82012: 79.9 | 1997: 3512012: 462 | Day of the interview | ATC |
| Loyola Filho22 | 2021 | Southeast | Cross-sectional | Adults ≥ 18 | NR | 2,805 | 15 | ATC |
| Mari23 | 1990 | Southeast | Cross-sectional | Any ≥ 14 | NR | 1,742 | 360 | Coding system not reported or not used |
| Menolli24 | 2011 and 2015 | South | Cohort | Adults ≥ 40 | 54.2 | 2011: 1,1802015: 885 | Day of the interview | ATC |
| Moraes25 | 2012-2013 | Southeast | Cross-sectional | Adult women 45-60 | 52.5 | 749 | Day of the interview | Coding system not reported or not used |
| Neves26 | 2014 | North | Cross-sectional | Adults 18-59 | NR | 685 | 30 | ATC |
| Noia27 | 2006 | Southeast | Cross-sectional | Older adults (≥ 60) | NR | 1,115 | Day of the interview | ATC |
| Pinto28 | 2007 | Southeast | Cross-sectional | Adults ≥ 18 | NR | 423 | Day of the interview | ATC |
| Prado29 | 2008-2009 | Southeast | Cross-sectional | Adults ≥ 20 | 42.7 | 2,472 | 3 | ATC |
| Quintana30 | 2007-2008 | Southeast | Cross-sectional | Any ≥ 15 | 42.0 | 1,208 | 30 and 360 | Coding system not reported or not used |
| Quintana31 | 2007 | Southeast | Cross-sectional | Any 15-75 | 39.5 | 2,356 | 30 | Coding system not reported or not used |
| Rodrigues32 | 1994 and 2003 | South | Cross-sectional | Any ≥ 15 | NR | 3,542 | 15 | Ministry of Health List of Controlled Products |
| Rodrigues33 | 2013-2014 | Brazil | Cross-sectional | Adults ≥ 20 | NR | 32,348 | 15 | European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders |
| Tiguman34 | 2015 and 2019 | North | Cross-sectional | Adults ≥ 18 | 2015: 38.42019: 37.3 | 2015: 3,4792019: 2,321 | 15 | ATC |
| Vicente35 | 1997 | Southeast | Cohort | Older adults (≥ 60) | 69.3 | 1,606 | 90 | ATC |
ATC = Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification; NR = not reported/no response from authors.