Table 4.
Estrogen concentrations (E1, 17α-E, 17β-E2, and E3) in ng/dm3 in the water solutions (based on Adeel et al. 2017)
| Sample | Estrone (E1) | 17α-estradiol (17α-E2) | 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) | Estriol (E3) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slurry | |||||
| In swine pit | 5900–150,000 | 4000–84,000 | 1800–49,000 | nd | (Li et al. 2010) |
| In dairy pit | 2500–80,000 | 2000–5000 | 800–27,000 | nd | (Li et al. 2010) |
| Swine | |||||
| Farm effluent | 5200–5400 | 650–680 | 1000–1500 | 2200–3000 | (Franks 2006) |
| Manure | 70.0 | 175 | 15 | nd | (Rodriguez-Navas et al. 2013) |
| Manure leachate | 68.1 | 2.5 | nd | nd | (Kjær et al. 2007) |
| Dairy farm wastewater | 370–2356 | 1750–3270 | 351–957 | nd | (Li et al. 2010) |
| Lagoon pond | 650 | nd | nd | nd | (Rodriguez-Navas et al. 2013) |
| Sow urine | 416–490 | nd | 85–97 | 127–193 | (Zhang et al. 2014) |
| Grazing land water | 78 | 31 | 18 | nd | (Kolodziej and Sedlak 2007) |
| 1 m deep groundwater | 68.1 | nd | 2.5 | nd | (Li et al. 2010) |
| Surface waters | 0.7 | nd | nd | nd | (Bolong et al. 2009) |
| 0.1–3.4 | nd | nd | nd | (Włodarczyk-Makuła 2016) | |
| Drinking water | 0.4 | nd | 0.3–2.1 | nd | (Bolong et al. 2009) |
| STP/effluent | 12–196 | 6.4–12.6 | 6.2–42.2 | nd | (Pal et al. 2010) |
*nd no data