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. 2024 Jun 18;14:14092. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64126-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Growth inhibition and apoptosis induction following administration of PAK4 inhibitor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. Human OSCC cell lines, HSC-2, HSC-3, HSC-4, and Ca9-22, and mouse OSCC cell lines, SCCVII and NR-S1K, were cultured in PAK4 inhibitor, PF-3758309, for 48 h. (a) The proliferative activity of cells was measured using the WST-1 cell proliferation assay. The asterisks indicate a significant difference between two groups. (b) The cells were stained with FITC-conjugated annexin V and propidium iodide (PI). The proportion of apoptotic cells was calculated as the percentage of annexin V-positive cells. Annexin V-positive/PI-negative cells were considered early apoptotic, whereas annexin V-positive/PI-positive cells were considered late apoptotic cells.