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. 2024 Jun 18;15:5225. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-48966-y

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Relationship between anomalies in frequency (a), duration (b), and intensity (c) of extreme power shortage events and anomalies in annual hours of extremely low solar radiation and wind speed at hub height for 42 major countries. d Relationship between change in annual average wind speed and average solar radiation and change in annual hours of compound extremely low wind speed and solar radiation events between 1980–2000 and 2001–2022. e Relationship between the relative change in annual hours of compound extremely low wind speed and solar radiation events and the relative change in extreme power shortage events between 1980–2000 and 2001–2022. The relative change above 100% is visualized as 100% change. MOZ and VEN denote Mozambique and Venezuela, respectively. The lines and circles denote individual country’s changes and the average changes across 42 major countries, respectively. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.