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. 2024 Jun 7;15:1380977. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1380977

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

The primary pharmacological effects of Danshen-Shanzha Formula (DSF) on atherosclerosis. Image was created with BioRender.com. ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; Akt, v-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene; AS, atherosclerosis; ATG16L1, Autophagy Related Protein 16 Like Protein 1; COX-2, Cyclooxygenase-2; cAMP/Epac/Rap1, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate/exchange protein directly activated by cAMP/repressor activator protein 1; CDK6, Cyclin-dependent kinase 6; hs-CRP, hypersensitive C-reactive protein; IGF-1R/PI3K, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; IL-17, Interleukin-17; JAK2, Janus kinase 2; MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase; mTOR, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin; NLRP, Nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein; NF-κB, Nuclear Factor-κB; Nox4, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4; P21, Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1; PLC/PKC, phospholipase C/protein kinase C; PKM2/β-catenin/TCF4, pyruvate kinase isoform M2/β-catenin/T cell factor 4; RhoA, Ras homolog gene family member A; SIRT1, silent information regulator sirtuin 1; STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TFEB, Transcription factor EB; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; TNF-α, Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha; TPM1, tropomyosin 1.