Table 2.
The 20 top sex-specific leading causes of DALYs (Level 3) in Australia from 1990 to 2019.
| DALYs per 100,000 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Causes of DALYs |
Females |
Males |
||||||||
| (ranked by both sexes 2019) | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2019 | % change (1990–2019) | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2019 | % change (1990–2019) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 21,694.02 (19,666–22,835) | 14,284.03 (12,477–15,336) | 8924.61 (7346–9829) | 7099.28 (5824–7914) | −67.3∗ | 33,104.76 | 21,209.41 | 12,759.62 | 10,350.02 | −68.7∗ |
| (31,538–34,288) | (19,773–22,170) | (11,661–13,519) | (9300–11,075) | |||||||
| Alzheimer's disease and other dementias | 5019.99 (2323–11,057) | 5570.98 (2593–11,759) | 6309.78 (2964–13,116) | 6024.64 (2820–12,421) | 20 | 2997.71 (1288–7068) | 3203.51 (1398–7185) | 3721.94 (1626–8308) | 3853.55 (1665–8607) | 28.50 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 4067.13 (3591–4558) | 4572.50 (3932–5132) | 4573.38 (3790–5255) | 4436.05 (3536–5119) | 9.1 | 10,157.97 (9352–10,870) | 7861.15 (7140–8515) | 6089.09 (5302–6806) | 5549.91 (4740–6417) | −45.4∗ |
| Stroke | 10,168.02 (9091–10,844) | 7684.56 (6715–8324) | 5853.35 (4952–6437) | 4927.27 (4076–5525) | −51.5∗ | 10,653.67 (9948–11,280) | 7824.46 (7246–8298) | 5247.59 (4740–5646) | 4463.32 (3945–4948) | −58.1∗ |
| Falls | 2324.67 (1830–2975) | 2644.44 (2093–3348) | 3611.66 (2857–4545) | 3795.81 (3004–4780) | 63.3∗ | 1806.47 (1466–2257) | 2194.92 (1762–2740) | 3057.02 (2492–3791) | 3239.78 (2624–4012) | 79.3∗ |
| Tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer | 1849.41 (1701–1967) | 2188.52 (1974–2339) | 2371.13 (2055–2568) | 2310.88 (1979–2603) | 25∗ | 7238.60 (6874–7564) | 6122.79 (5781–6392) | 5069.24 (4691–5328) | 4355.00 (3951–4751) | −39.8∗ |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2581.10 (2197–3028) | 3146.01 (2535–3841) | 3323.87 (2673–4121) | 2779.41 (2193–3478) | 7.7 | 3255.68 (2778–3818) | 3927.80 (3330–4667) | 4076.50 (3372–4966) | 3730.78 (2998–4662) | 14.60 |
| Age-related and other hearing loss | 2287.38 (1603–3181) | 2206.44 (1554–3022) | 2437.65 (1713–3386) | 2290.24 (1557–3205) | 0.1 | 3207.48 (2264–4413) | 2783.64 (1953–3809) | 2885.52 (2049–3943) | 2930.85 (2018–4055) | −8.60 |
| Colon and rectum cancer | 2567.75 (2348–2730) | 2335.47 (2073–2512) | 2001.25 (1707–2188) | 1934.85 (1631–2184) | −24.6∗ | 3771.96 (3549–3988) | 3429.56 (3203–3634) | 2865.63 (2638–3055) | 2655.40 (2317–3024) | −29.6∗ |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1618.31 (1442–1807) | 1625.03 (1418–1803) | 1911.42 (1612–2147) | 1911.82 (1583–2199) | 18.1 | 1848.68 (1682–2030) | 1999.64 (1820–2188) | 2236.18 (2004–2469) | 2277.56 (2026–2546) | 23.20 |
| Atrial fibrillation and flutter | 2125.00 (1703–2635) | 2201.31 (1768–2700) | 2242.38 (1782–2775) | 2138.39 (1692–2655) | 0.6 | 1851.61 (1398–2412) | 1847.74 (1404–2376) | 1917.30 (1435–2451) | 1899.66 (1410–2434) | 2.60 |
| Low back pain | 2276.71 (1567–3042) | 2203.15 (1525–2985) | 2180.60 (1529–2961) | 2082.40 (1408–2877) | −8.5 | 2058.78 (1423–2819) | 1955.02 (1360–2688) | 1948.04 (1363–2626) | 1799.62 (1200–2463) | −12.60 |
| Prostate cancer | – | – | – | – | – | 5480.09 (4080–6616) | 5185.00 (4077–6502) | 4735.38 (3889–6440) | 4270.36 (3507–6119) | −22.10 |
| Osteoarthritis | 1829.06 (936–3628) | 1934.88 (993–3899) | 1906.98 (976–3822) | 1996.84 (1031–3996) | 9.2 | 1091.13 (555–2198) | 1153.43 (588–2332) | 1203.65 (615–2454) | 1214.05 (621–2443) | 11.30 |
| Other musculoskeletal disorders | 1489.01 (966–2130) | 1671.82 (1110–2371) | 1576.48 (1058–2172) | 1628.02 (1054–2374) | 9.3 | 966.24 (580–1494) | 1127.08 (698–1638) | 1071.97 (656–1549) | 1155.96 (666–1744) | 19.60 |
| Oral disorders | 1780.20 (1206–2435) | 1507.06 (971–2174) | 1351.56 (919–1875) | 1442.19 (935–2098) | −19 | 1359.58 (916–1887) | 1133.72 (730–1673) | 1080.05 (724–1519) | 1088.36 (688–1626) | −19.90 |
| Lower respiratory infections | 1142.65 (990–1245) | 1373.87 (1171–1505) | 1107.79 (893–1231) | 1223.53 (956–1408) | 7.1 | 1577.09 (1438–1703) | 1716.73 (1557–1848) | 1222.15 (1088–1321) | 1265.78 (1087–1426) | −19.7∗ |
| Parkinson's disease | 701.99 (627–771) | 758.99 (637–838) | 789.58 (768–874) | 728.68 (621–815) | 3.8 | 1482.79 (1377–1594) | 1684.44 (1538–1827) | 1774.34 (1618–1926) | 1651.41 (1469–1820) | 11.40 |
| Pancreatic cancer | 893.85 (816–954) | 944.48 (849–1008) | 989.58 (847–1078) | 1020.11 (856–1174) | 14.1 | 1170.26 (1095–1240) | 1117.46 (1043–1187) | 1210.54 (1113–1291) | 1223.90 (1072–1384) | 4.60 |
| Breast cancer | 2264.64 (2065–2433) | 2038.93 (1831–2203) | 1939.79 (1673–2121) | 1900.28 (1602–2149) | −16.1 | – | – | – | – | – |
Percent change (% change) of statistical significance is bolded and marked by an asterisk (∗).