. 2024 May 15;103(8):103858. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103858

Table 5.

Effect of immersion Japanese quail eggs with different levels of riboflavin on fertility and hatchability parameters.

Items	Immersion treated group (g/l)				SEM	P- value¹
Items	Control	3g	4g	5g	SEM	T	L	Q
Fertility %	81.54^b	93.85^a	93.85^a	96.93^a	1.88	0.004	0.047	0.034
Un-hatched egg (%)	6.40^b	10.80^a	4.80^c	6.40^ab	2.64	0.031	0.055	0.042
Pecked chicks	6.20	10.80	12.20	6.20	2.91	0.521	0.048	0.033
Non-Fertile eggs	18.47^a	6.16^b	6.22^b	3.08^c	4.27	0.000	0.172	0.097
Hatchability of total eggs, %	69.23^c	72.31^bc	78.47^ab	84.62^a	2.55	0.002	0.050	0.047
Hatchability of fertile eggs %	84.85^ab	77.18^c	83.59^ab	87.31^a	2.81	0.021	0.165	0.173
Chick's weight, g	87.71^d	102.91^c	116.63^b	126.88^a	4.08	0.000	0.043	0.038
Chick's weight, %	77.68^c	86.08^b	88.67^b	91.21^a	3.64	0.000	0.028	0.033

^a,b

Means bearing different letters in the same row differ significantly (P < 0.05, 0.001).

T, overall effects of treatments; L, linear effects of increasing riboflavin levels of quails; Q, quadratic effects of increasing riboflavin levels of quails.