Table 3.
Associations between baseline characteristics and risk of hip fracture over the follow-up period (N = 4782)
| Males (n = 2104) | Females (n = 2678) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted for age | Adjusted for age and BMD2 | Adjusted for age | Adjusted for age and BMD2 | |
| HR (95%CI)1 | HR (95%CI) 1 | HR (95%CI) 1 | HR (95%CI) 1 | |
| Body composition | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.86 (0.72, 1.04) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.32) | 0.72 (0.64, 0.82) | 0.80 (0.69, 0.92) |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 0.85 (0.68, 1.08) | 1.10 (0.87, 1.39) | 0.79 (0.70, 0.89) | 0.87 (0.76, 1.00) |
| Fat mass (kg) | 0.97 (0.77, 1.22) | 1.11 (0.89, 1.39) | 0.75 (0.64, 0.88) | 0.85 (0.73, 0.99) |
| Height (cm) | 0.94 (0.78, 1.12) | 1.12 (0.93, 1.35) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.17) |
| Muscle thigh area (cm2) | 0.66 (0.51, 0.85) | 0.78 (0.59, 1.03) | 0.66 (0.57, 0.76) | 0.66 (0.55, 0.81) |
| Biomarkers | ||||
| 25OHD (nmol/L) 3 | 0.72 (0.60, 0.88) | 0.82 (0.67, 1.00) | 0.87 (0.77, 0.98) | 0.82 (0.72, 0.94) |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 0.70 (0.59, 0.83) | 0.78 (0.63, 0.95) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.92) | 0.84 (0.74, 0.95) |
| Albumin (g/L) | 0.64 (0.51, 0.79) | 0.68 (0.51, 0.90) | 0.83 (0.75, 1.02) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.06) |
| Physical measurements | ||||
| Leg strength (N) | 0.56 (0.43, 0.72) | 0.70 (0.53, 0.92) | 0.75 (0.65, 0.87) | 0.76 (0.65, 0.89) |
| Grip strength (N) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.99) | 0.89 (0.70, 1.22) | 0.71 (0.61, 0.83) | 0.73 (0.62, 0.85) |
| Timed up and go (s) | 1.51 (1.33, 1.73) | 1.53 (1.31, 1.79) | 1.28 (1.16, 1.41) | 1.25 (1.12, 1.40) |
| Balance forward-backward (cm) | 0.69 (0.58, 0.83) | 0.72 (0.60, 0.87) | 0.91 (0.80, 1.02) | 0.92 (0.81, 1.04) |
| Balance left-right (cm) | 0.79 (0.66, 0.94) | 0.89 (0.74, 1.08) | 0.92 (0.81, 1.04) | 0.91 (0.79,1.03) |
1
Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The hazard ratios reflecting change in risk 1-SD increase in exposure.
2
BMD, integral bone mass density in femoral neck region. Statistically significant estimates are shown in bold font.
3
25OHD = 25-hydroxy vitamin D