Table 2.
OLS and spatial regressions of model-based doctor-diagnosed arthritis.†
| OLS | SAC | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coef. | S.E. | Coef. | S.E. | |
| Percent female | 0.338*** | 0.072 | 0.198*** | 0.057 |
| Percent non-Hispanic Black | −0.829*** | 0.084 | −0.396*** | 0.060 |
| Percent non-Hispanic Asian | −0.412*** | 0.081 | −0.175** | 0.058 |
| Percent Hispanic | −1.578*** | 0.088 | −0.568*** | 0.074 |
| Percent separated or divorced | 0.458*** | 0.087 | 0.275*** | 0.067 |
| Percent less than high school | 0.726*** | 0.123 | 0.221* | 0.091 |
| Percent in manual labor occupations | −0.132 | 0.089 | −0.067 | 0.064 |
| Percent in poverty | 0.683*** | 0.112 | 0.288** | 0.088 |
| Percent unemployed | 0.437*** | 0.087 | 0.217*** | 0.062 |
| Percent uninsured | −0.341** | 0.110 | −0.188* | 0.076 |
| No. of primary care providers | −0.050 | 0.086 | −0.182** | 0.069 |
| No. of chiropractors | −0.722*** | 0.085 | −0.310*** | 0.066 |
| No. of hospitals | −0.257*** | 0.077 | −0.056 | 0.060 |
| Opioid prescribing rate | 0.291*** | 0.079 | 0.125+ | 0.064 |
| (Intercept) | 26.319*** | 0.066 | 8.888*** | 0.729 |
| Rho‡ | 0.663*** | |||
| Lambda§ | −0.431*** | |||
| AIC | 11,333 | 10,929 | ||
Level of significance: +P < 0.1, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
†
The outcomes are model based and age adjusted. All covariates here are standardized.
‡
Rho is the spatial lag parameter, indicating how the prevalence in a focal county is associated with the average prevalence in neighboring counties.
§
Lambda is the spatial error parameter, indicating how the residual/error of a focal county is associated with the average residuals/errors in neighboring counties.
AIC, Akaike information criterion; OLS, ordinary least squares; SAC, spatial autoregressive combined.