TABLE 3.
Brain fatty acid concentrations (µg/1 g) and composition (% of total fatty acids) from total lipid analysis. Brain tissue was sampled from the offspring of ISA Brown and Shaver White layer breeder hens fed with and without flaxseed. Significant pairwise comparisons (p < 0.05) between strain and maternal diet treatment are indicated with different superscript letters.
| Strain Fatty acid↓/maternal diet |
Unit | Brown Control |
Brown Flaxseed |
White Control |
White Flaxseed |
Strain |
ANOVA
Diet |
Strain*diet |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) | µg/1 g % |
7.03 ± 1.08 0.16 ± 0.02 |
8.60 ± 1.42 0.16 ± 0.01 |
6.93 ± 0.75 0.15 ± 0.02 |
8.83 ± 1.79 0.17 ± 0.04 |
F = 0.00, p = 0.96
F = 0.00, p = 0.98 |
F = 1.44, p = 0.22
F = 0.36, p = 0.56 |
F = 0.01, p = 0.91
F = 0.11, p = 0.74 |
| Stearidonic acid (C18:4 n-3) | µg/1 g % |
3.09 ± 0.42 0.07 ± 0.005 |
3.97 ± 0.61 0.07 ± 0.008 |
3.34 ± 0.77 0.07 ± 0.013 |
3.56 ± 0.49 0.08 ± 0.008 |
F = 0.01, p = 0.91
F = 0.05, p = 0.84 |
F = 0.74, p = 0.40
F = 0.19, p = 0.67 |
F = 0.26, p = 0.61
F = 0.08, p = 0.78 |
| Eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3 n-3) | µg/1 g % |
2.30 ± 0.47 0.05 ± 0.01 |
4.89 ± 1.08 0.09 ± 0.01 |
3.43 ± 0.77 0.07 ± 0.02 |
4.49 ± 0.31 0.09 ± 0.01 |
F = 0.24, p = 0.63
F = 0.48, p = 0.50 |
F = 5.97, p = 0.02
F = 10.25, p = 0.004 |
F = 1.04, p = 0.32
F = 0.67, p = 0.42 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3) | µg/1 g % |
4.36 ± 0.23 0.10 ± 0.01 a |
6.41 ± 0.52 0.13 ± 0.01 b |
5.00 ± 0.83 0.10 ± 0.02 a |
7.99 ± 0.43 0.16 ± 0.01 c |
F = 3.42, p = 0.08
F = 5.52, p = 0.03 |
F = 17.75, p<0.001
F = 47.37, p<0.001 |
F = 0.61, p = 0.44
F = 5.68, p = 0.03 |
| Docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5 n-3) | µg/1 g % |
18.20 ± 1.09 0.40 ± 0.02 |
26.71 ± 1.44 0.54 ± 0.04 |
23.57 ± 3.44 0.46 ± 0.02 |
25.97 ± 1.21 0.52 ± 0.02 |
F = 1.08, p = 0.31
F = 0.51, p = 0.48 |
F = 6.00, p = 0.02
F = 13.27, p = 0.002 |
F = 1.98, p = 0.18
F = 1.89, p = 0.19 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3) | µg/1 g % |
601.29 ± 28.18 13.24 ± 0.22 |
722.48 ± 71.64 14.06 ± 0.28 |
689.35 ± 96.56 13.40 ± 0.29 |
749.49 ± 26.34 14.92 ± 0.08 |
F = 0.69, p = 0.42
F = 4.00, p = 0.06 |
F = 1.72, p = 0.21
F = 20.97, p<0.001 |
F = 0.20, p = 0.66
F = 1.88, p = 0.19 |
| Σ n-3 | µg/1 g % |
636.25 ± 29.04 14.01 ± 0.21 |
773.06 ± 76.09 15.05 ± 0.31 |
731.62 ± 101.43 14.24 ± 0.29 |
800.33 ± 29.33 15.92 ± 0.09 |
F = 0.71, p = 0.41
F = 4.36, p = 0.05 |
F = 1.98, p = 0.18
F = 26.91, p<0.001 |
F = 0.22, p = 0.65
F = 1.88, p = 0.23 |
| Linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) | µg/1 g % |
90.16 ± 5.40 1.98 ± 0.04 |
112.37 ± 17.20 2.13 ± 0.17 |
105.23 ± 13.01 2.08 ± 0.07 |
102.97 ± 4.45 2.05 ± 0.05 |
F = 0.05, p = 0.82
F = 0.02, p = 0.88 |
F = 0.64, p = 0.43
F = 0.97, p = 0.34 |
F = 0.97, p = 0.34
F = 1.99, p = 0.17 |
| Gamma-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-6) | µg/1 g % |
0.61 ± 0.35 0.01 ± 0.007 |
1.70 ± 0.39 0.03 ± 0.006 |
0.83 ± 0.34 0.02 ± 0.008 |
1.24 ± 0.36 0.02 ± 0.007 |
F = 0.10, p = 0.76
F = 0.00, p = 0.99 |
F = 3.59, p = 0.07
F = 2.23, p = 0.15 |
F = 0.74, p = 0.40
F = 1.09, p = 0.31 |
| Eicosadienoic acid (20:2 n-6) | µg/1 g % |
38.62 ± 2.40 0.85 ± 0.02 |
42.52 ± 5.77 0.81 ± 0.02 |
41.34 ± 5.92 0.80 ± 0.03 |
38.79 ± 1.17 0.77 ± 0.01 |
F = 0.01, p = 0.92
F = 3.14, p = 0.09 |
F = 0.02, p = 0.89
F = 1.84, p = 0.19 |
F = 0.46, p = 0.51
F = 0.00, p = 0.97 |
| Eicosatrienoic acid (20:3 n-6) | µg/1 g % |
25.90 ± 1.46 0.57 ± 0.01 |
33.99 ± 3.82 0.66 ± 0.03 |
22.29 ± 2.52 0.44 ± 0.01 |
26.06 ± 0.67 0.52 ± 0.01 |
F = 4.72, p = 0.04
F = 49.16, p<0.001 |
F = 4.98, p = 0.04
F = 19.99, p<0.001 |
F = 0.66, p = 0.43
F = 0.09, p = 0.77 |
| Arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) | µg/1 g % |
412.64 ± 24.95 9.04 ± 0.11 |
443.60 ± 52.79 8.54 ± 0.07 |
481.52 ± 59.98 9.46 ± 0.07 |
451.61 ± 14.06 9.00 ± 0.05 |
F = 0.68, p = 0.42
F = 26.44, p<0.001 |
F = 0.00, p = 0.99
F = 32.30, p<0.001 |
F = 0.43, p = 0.52
F = 0.06, p = 0.82 |
| Docosadienoic acid (22:2 n-6) | µg/1 g % |
8.07 ± 0.22 0.18 ± 0.01 |
8.98 ± 1.51 0.17 ± 0.01 |
6.22 ± 0.92 0.13 ± 0.02 |
5.63 ± 0.61 0.11 ± 0.01 |
F = 6.35, p = 0.02
F = 10.93, p = 0.004 |
F = 0.02, p = 0.88
F = 0.54, p = 0.47 |
F = 0.53, p = 0.48
F = 0.01, p = 0.93 |
| Adrenic acid (C22:4 n-6) | µg/1 g % |
115.85 ± 6.16 2.54 ± 0.03 |
120.68 ± 15.00 2.32 ± 0.03 |
123.86 ± 16.44 2.42 ± 0.03 |
110.69 ± 3.55 2.21 ± 0.03 |
F = 0.01, p = 0.94
F = 15.12, p<0.001 |
F = 0.11, p = 0.75
F = 52.40, p<0.001 |
F = 0.50, p = 0.49
F = 0.04, p = 0.84 |
| Docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5 n-6) | µg/1 g % |
80.23 ± 7.42 1.75 ± 0.11 |
42.69 ± 5.42 0.82 ± 0.02 |
70.00 ± 7.79 1.40 ± 0.06 |
31.06 ± 1.85 0.62 ± 0.04 |
F = 2.68, p = 0.12
F = 15.10, p<0.001 |
F = 32.80, p<0.001
F = 144.0, p<0.001 |
F = 0.01, p = 0.92
F = 1.19, p = 0.29 |
| Σ n-6 | µg/1 g % |
772.09 ± 46.33 16.92 ± 0.23 |
806.53 ± 101.19 14.48 ± 0.12 |
851.33 ± 104.83 16.74 ± 1.18 |
768.05 ± 23.21 15.30 ± 0.08 |
F = 0.06, p=0.81
F = 1.24, p = 0.28 |
F = 0.08, p = 0.78
F = 79.20, p<0.001 |
F = 0.48, p = 0.50
F = 0.00, p = 1.00 |
| Σ n-6:Σ n-3 | µg/1 g % |
1.21 ± 0.03 1.21 ± 0.03 |
1.03 ± 0.02 1.03 ± 0.02 |
1.18 ± 0.03 1.18 ± 0.03 |
0.96 ± 0.01 0.96 ± 0.01 |
F = 3.62, p = 0.07
F = 3.62, p = 0.07 |
F = 55.12, p<0.001
F = 55.12, p<0.001 |
F = 0.53, p = 0.48
F = 0.53, p = 0.48 |
Bold values represent significant values at p ≤ 0.05.