TABLE 1.
Preclinical Studies on the Otoprotective Effect of STS
| Author, Year | Species | No.: STS Group | No.: Comparison Group | Platinum Treatment | STS Specification | Evaluation Methods | FU Time, Post-Tx | Hearing Function Outcomes | P | OHC Count | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With STS | Without STS | ||||||||||
| Otto et al,44 1988 | Guinea pig | 11: CIS + STS | 17: CIS only 10: normal saline |
CIS IM 1.5 mg/kg total per day 8 days |
STS IP 16 g/kg total per day Concurrent with CIS |
ABR (3-30 kHz) | 10 days | No HTL shift from baseline | >40 dB HTL shift from baseline | NA | — |
| Church et al,45 1995 | Hamster | 10: CIS + STS | 10: CIS only 22: no Tx |
CIS IP 3 mg/kg total per day EOD 5 injections |
STS IP 16 g/kg total per day Concurrent with CIS |
ABR (2-20 kHz) Electron microscopy |
30 days | HTLs <10 dB at all frequencies | HTLs 30-48 dB at 8-20 kHz | NA | Untreated: N = 2,672 CIS only: 32% loss CIS + STS: 14% loss |
| Neuwelt et al,46 1996 | Guinea pig | 6: CARBO + STS | 12: CARBO only 6: saline |
CARBO SC 24 mg/kg 1 injection |
STS IP 1.83 g/kg 2, 4, 8, and 24h after CARBO |
CAP (2-32 kHz) OHC count (unspecified) |
4 weeks | HTLs 0-10 dB at all frequencies | HTLs 40-60 dB at all frequencies | NA | CARBO only: 65% loss CARBO + STS: 5% loss |
| Kaltenbach et al,47 1997 | Hamster | 10: CIS + STS | 10: CIS only 4: no Tx |
CIS IP 3 mg/kg 5 injections |
STS IP 16 g/kg 30 min before CIS |
ABR (2-20 kHz) Electron microscopy |
30-35 days | HTLs 10 dB at all frequencies | HTLs 50 dB at 16 kHz | NA | Untreated: N = 2,670 CIS only: 44% loss CIS + STS: 9% loss |
| Muldoon et al,48 2000 | Guinea pig | 2: CIS + STS | 2: CIS + saline | CIS IV 6 mg/kg 1 infusion |
STS bolus IP or 15-min IV infusion 11.6 g/m2 2h after CIS |
ABR (4-32 kHz) | 8 weeks | HTLs 0-20 dB at all frequencies | HTLs 30-50 dB at all frequencies | NA | — |
| Dickey et al,50 2005 | Rat | 7: CIS + STS | 15: CIS + saline | CIS IA 3 mL/min 6 mg/kg 1 infusion |
STS IV 8 g/m2 4, 8, and 12h after CIS |
ABR (4-20 kHz) | 7 days | STS 4h: HTLs 0-5 dB at all frequencies STS 8h: HTLs 0-10 dB at all frequencies STS 12h: HTLs 10-20 dB at all frequencies |
HTLs 10-25 dB at all frequencies HTLs 10-20 dB at all frequencies HTLs 10-30 dB at all frequencies |
<.05 <.05 >.05 |
— |
| Videhult Pierre et al,49 2017 | Guinea pig | 7: CIS + STS | 7: CIS + saline | CIS IV in 3 min 8 mg/kg 1 infusion |
STS 20 sec IV infusion 1 mL/0.3 kg 30 min before CIS |
ABR (3-30 kHz) | 4 days | HTLs 0-25 dB at all frequencies | HTLs 5-35 dB at all frequencies | .07 (only at 30 kHz) | — |
Abbreviations: ABR, auditory brainstem response; CAP, compound action potential; CARBO, carboplatin; CIS, cisplatin; EOD, every other day; FU, follow-up; HTL, hearing threshold level; IA, intra-arterial; IM, intramuscular; IP intraperitoneal; IV, intravenous; NA, not assessed; OHC, outer hair cell; SC, subcutaneous; STS, sodium thiosulfate; Tx, treatment.