. 2024 Jun 11;99(4):1473–1484. doi: 10.3233/JAD-231425

Table 3.

Multivariable-Adjusted Models of Functional Connectivity MRI Measures as a Function of Dynamic Loneliness Status^a

			Model 1^b			Model 2^c			Model 3^d
	Loneliness	No. of	Estimate	p	No. of	Estimate	p	No. of	Estimate	p
	level	participants	(SE)		participants	(SE)		participants	(SE)
DMN-Intra	Incident		–0.01 (0.01)	0.55		–0.01 (0.01)	0.59		–0.01 (0.01)	0.44
	Persistent	366	0.005 (0.01)	0.75	366	0.004 (0.01)	0.77	366	0 (0.01)	0.99
	Recovered		0.01 (0.01)	0.57		0.01 (0.01)	0.61		0.01 (0.01)	0.72
	Absent		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
Limbic-Intra	Incident		–0.01 (0.02)	0.66		–0.01 (0.02)	0.69		–0.01 (0.02)	0.6
	Persistent	366	–0.03 (0.02)	0.12	366	–0.02 (0.02)	0.13	366	–0.03 (0.02)	0.11
	Recovered		0.003 (0.02)	0.83		0.002 (0.02)	0.89		0.001 (0.02)	0.95
	Absent		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
Frontoparietal-	Incident		–0.002 (0.02)	0.92		–0.001 (0.02)	0.94		–0.01 (0.02)	0.68
Intra	Persistent	366	0.02 (0.02)	0.3	366	0.02 (0.02)	0.32	366	0.01 (0.02)	0.55
	Recovered		0.02 (0.02)	0.27		0.02 (0.02)	0.28		0.01 (0.02)	0.39
	Absent		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
Dorsal	Incident		–0.01 (0.01)	0.72		–0.005 (0.01)	0.74		–0.01 (0.02)	0.59
Attention-	Persistent	366	0.01 (0.01)	0.33	366	0.01 (0.02)	0.36	366	0.01 (0.02)	0.52
Intra	Recovered		–0.001 (0.01)	0.95		–0.001 (0.01)	0.94		–0.003 (0.01)	0.83
	Absent		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
Ventral	Incident		–0.003 (0.02)	0.87		–0.002 (0.02)	0.91		–0.002 (0.02)	0.93
Attention-	Persistent	366	0.01 (0.02)	0.44	366	0.01 (0.02)	0.44	366	0.01 (0.02)	0.45
Intra	Recovered		0.004 (0.02)	0.81		0.003 (0.02)	0.88		0.003 (0.02)	0.87
	Absent		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
Visual-Intra	Incident		0.01 (0.03)	0.69		0.01 (0.03)	0.68		0.02 (0.04)	0.59
	Persistent	366	0.001 (0.04)	0.97	366	–0.001 (0.04)	0.99	366	0.005 (0.04)	0.9
	Recovered		–0.05 (0.03)	0.12		–0.05 (0.03)	0.12		–0.05 (0.03)	0.15
	Absent		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
Somatomotor-Intra	Incident		–0.002 (0.01)	0.86		–0.002 (0.01)	0.88		–0.01 (0.01)	0.68
	Persistent	366	0.01 (0.01)	0.66	366	0.01 (0.01)	0.66	366	0.002 (0.01)	0.88
	Recovered		–0.01 (0.01)	0.32		–0.01 (0.01)	0.31		–0.02 (0.01)	0.24
	Absent		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref
DMN to Limbic	Incident		0.001 (0.004)	0.89		0.001 (0.004)	0.9		0.001 (0.004)	0.79
	Persistent	366	0 (0.004)	0.99	366	0 (0.004)	0.97	366	0.001 (0.004)	0.84
	Recovered		0.01 (0.004)	0.03		0.01 (0.004)	0.03		0.01 (0.004)	0.03
	Absent		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref		Ref	Ref

DMN, Default Mode Network. ^aPredictor: four-level exposure variable, persistent/incident/recovered/absent. ^bModel 1: Age, age-squared, sex, time interval between loneliness assessment and PET camera (binary variable: HR+vs. Smoothed Discovery GE). ^cModel 2:+Level of educational achievement (three-level variable). ^dModel 3:+Modified CES-D (continuous, logarithm of CES-D excluding loneliness item).