Table 1.
Evaluation of study quality in quantitative randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Specific items are addressing study quality of the RCTs. All items in MMAT are answered yes, no or can’t tell
| Author (year) Items | Bagaipour-Divshali (2016) | Chanchai (2016) | El Khamali (2018) | Jacobsen (2019) | Lee (2013) | Macintyre (2014) | Macintyre (2015) | Sohn (2018) | Uchiyama (2013) | Van der Meer (2015) | Van Der Molen (2011) | West (2014) |
| 2.1. Is randomization appropriately performed? | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2.2. Are the groups comparable at baseline? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can't tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| 2.3. Are there complete outcome data? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| 2.4. Are outcome assessors blinded to the intervention provided? | Can't tell | Can't tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Can't tell | Yes | Yes | Can't tell | No | Can't tell | Can't tell |
| 2.5 Did the participants adhere to the assigned intervention? | Can't tell | Can't tell | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |