Table 4.
Subgroup analyses for the association between DII and anemia risk. Sex, ethnicity, smoking, drinking, age, and BMI were adjusted to carry out weighted multivariable logistic analyses among various populations.†
| DII | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P for trend | P for interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Reference | 1.31 (0.65,2.60) | 1.51 (0.71,3.22) | 2.15 (1.14,4.08) | .011 | .905 |
| Male | Reference | 1.17 (0.56,2.43) | 1.36 (0.54,3.40) | 1.59 (0.77,3.26) | .223 | |
| White | Reference | 0.91 (0.40,2.09) | 1.33 (0.51,3.50) | 2.14 (1.00,4.06) | .045 | 0.331 |
| Black | Reference | 1.53 (0.82,2.84) | 1.38 (0.64,2.95) | 1.52 (0.85,2.74) | .282 | |
| Mexican | Reference | 1.38 (0.33,5.83) | 4.74 (1.17,19.10) | 5.07 (1.46,17.61) | .003 | |
| Other races | Reference | 3.25 (0.76,13.89) | 1.03 (0.26, 4.04) | 2.22 (0.57, 8.68) | .615 | |
| Smokers | Reference | 0.46 (0.13,1.63) | 1.54 (0.46,6.04) | 0.77 (0.27,2.22) | .854 | 0.125 |
| Nonsmokers | Reference | 1.58 (0.89,2.79) | 1.42 (0.76,2.66) | 2.74 (1.43,4.26) | .003 | |
| Drinkers | Reference | 1.18 (0.60,2.32) | 2.23 (1.08,4.59) | 2.61 (1.34,5.08) | .001 | .076 |
| Nondrinkers | Reference | 1.32 (0.62,2.81) | 0.89 (0.37,2.17) | 1.46 (0.80,2.68) | .425 | |
| Age < 60 | Reference | 1.33 (0.55,3.21) | 2.96 (1.10,7.98) | 1.83 (0.76,4.43) | .077 | .028 |
| Age ≥ 60 | Reference | 1.25 (0.70,2.26) | 0.86 (0.48,1.56) | 2.19 (1.17,4.11) | .050 |
Bold values represent significant differences with P < 0.05.
DII = dietary inflammatory index; Q1 = low DII; Q2 = medium-low DII; Q3 = medium-high DII; Q4 = high DII.
†
Data are presented as odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)].