Table 1.
Preoperative Characteristics for All Groups.
| No-MC (n = 71) | MC-1 (n = 71) | MC-2 (n = 71) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 51.72 (11.56) | 50.95 (10.88) | 50.23 (14.61) | .521 |
| Females, N (%) | 35 (49%) | 36 (51%) | 35 (49%) | .833 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.89 (4.54) | 27.43 (5.73) | 26.77 (8.31) | .357 |
| Smoker, N (%) | 18 (25%) | 20 (28%) | 18 (24%) | .426 |
| ODI score a , mean (SD) | 47.48 (18.91) | 49.12 (18.72) | 46.76 (17.63) | .534 |
| EQ5D UK score b , mean (SD) | .32 (.33) | .36 (.28) | .38 (.34) | .211 |
| VAS score for back pain c , mean (SD) | 49.31 (29.50) | 49.40 (22.63) | 46.39 (27.42) | .352 |
| VAS score for leg pain, mean (SD) | 68.82 (23.49) | 69.01 (26.75) | 70.09 (22.33) | .698 |
Plus-minus values are means±standard deviation.
Years: yr; Number: no; Kilo: kg; meter: m.
aScores on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more severe disability.
bScores on the European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) range from 0 to 1, with higher scores indicating better quality of life.
cScores on the visual-analog scales (VASs) for back pain and leg pain range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more severe pain.