Table 1.
Participant Characteristics of 3,312 Participants Representing 195,167,928 U.S. Adults by Label Use
| Characteristics | Did not notice labels, weighted % (SE) (n=1,591; 42.5%) |
Noticed labels, weighted % (SE) (n=930; 30.3%) |
Used labels, weighted % (SE) (n=791; 27.2%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, in years, mean (SD) | 49.6 (1.2) | 41.7 (1.5) | 42.9 (1.6) |
| Female | 46.9 (1.8) | 46.2 (3.0) | 57.3 (2.4) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Asian | 5.2 (1.0) | 5.1 (1.2) | 5.9 (1.5) |
| Black | 12.1 (1.7) | 11.3 (2.0) | 10.6 (2.0) |
| Hispanic | 17.6 (2.1) | 14.0 (2.8) | 16.7 (2.6) |
| Multiracial/additional | 4.1 (0.5) | 4.9 (1.1) | 4.0 (0.9) |
| White | 61.0 (3.1) | 64.7 (4.1) | 62.9 (3.8) |
| Education | |||
| Some HS or lower | 15.8 (1.3) | 8.4 (0.7) | 8.0 (1.2) |
| HS diploma, AA/AS degree, or some college | 58.6 (2.9) | 62.5 (3.4) | 46.7 (4.3) |
| ≥4-year college degree | 25.6 (2.9) | 29.1 (3.4) | 45.2 (5.2) |
| Family income | |||
| ≤200% FPL | 35.7 (2.3) | 26.2 (2.1) | 19.0 (1.7) |
| >200% FPL | 53.5 (2.7) | 67.3 (2.8) | 73.1 (2.2) |
| Missing data | 10.8 (1.2) | 6.4 (1.8) | 7.9 (1.6) |
| Diet-related comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 35.6 (2.9) | 29.9 (2.3) | 27.3 (3.2) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 36.4 (2.0) | 26.2 (2.5) | 30.1 (2.5) |
| Diabetes | 14.8 (1.6) | 10.5 (1.2) | 7.7 (1.0) |
| Prediabetes | 12.0 (2.1) | 9.7 (1.1) | 12.1 (1.9) |
| Coronary artery disease | 3.6 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.8) |
| Congestive heart failure | 2.3 (0.5) | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.5) |
| Stroke | 3.6 (0.6) | 2.7 (0.5) | 2.7 (0.5) |
| Controlling or losing weight | 60.7 (2.2) | 61.8 (2.2) | 80.3 (2.0) |
| Meals away from home over past 7 days, mean (SD) | 3.3 (0.4) | 3.9 (0.3) | 4.2 (0.4) |
| Recent tobacco smoking | 22.2 (2.0) | 21.1 (2.7) | 12.2 (1.4) |
| Recreational physical activity, MIEMs/week, mean (SD) | 234 (52) | 234 (39) | 389 (60) |
AA, Associate of Arts; AS, Associate of Science; FPL, federal poverty level; HS, high school; MIEM, moderate-intensity–equivalent minute; SE, standard error.