Table 3.
Crude and Adjusted Odds Ratios of the Association Between Menu Calorie Label Use and Healthy Eating Index 2015 Scores
| Outcomes | Did not notice labels (ref) |
Noticed labels | Used labels | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted mean (SD) |
Crude difference (95% CI) |
Adjusteda difference (95% CI) |
Crude difference (95% CI) |
Adjusteda difference (95% CI) |
|
| Total HEI-2015 | 51.2 (49.8, 52.7) | −0.3 (−2.5, 2.0) | 0.6 (−1.4, 2.6) | 4.7 (2.6, 6.7)b | 4.0 (2.2, 5.8)b |
| Total fruits | 41.4 (37.4, 45.4) | 0.4 (−5.8, 6.6) | 3.0 (−2.4, 8.4) | 4.7 (−1.5, 11.0) | 4.3 (−1.0, 9.5) |
| Whole fruits | 44.1 (39.1, 49.0) | 4.2 (−2.1, 10.5) | 7.3 (1.9, 12.6)b | 9.2 (1.3, 17.1)b | 7.6 (0.4, 14.8)b |
| Total veg | 62.5 (59.7, 65.4) | −3.7 (−8.6, 1.1) | −3.3 (−8.3, 1.8) | 9.8 (5.2, 14.4)b | 7.1 (2.5, 11.8)b |
| Greens/beans | 37.9 (32.5, 43.3) | −5.5 (−14.1, 3.2) | −5.4 (−13.9, 3.2) | 15.1 (7.6, 22.6)b | 11.7 (4.1, 19.3)b |
| Whole grains | 26.6 (23.1, 30.1) | −1.4 (−4.6, 1.7) | 0.3 (−3.4, 3.9) | 5.5 (−0.0, 11.0) | 4.4 (−0.6, 9.4) |
| Dairy | 49.1 (46.2, 52.1) | 2.3 (−1.6, 6.3) | 0.8 (−3.2, 4.8) | 2.1 (−1.8, 6.0) | 0.5 (−3.4, 4.3) |
| Total protein | 89.7 (87.9, 91.6) | 0.4 (−1.6, 2.3) | 0.6 (−1.0, 2.2) | 2.8 (−0.1, 5.6) | 2.9 (0.1, 5.7)b |
| Seafood/plant proteins |
54.1 (49.5, 58.7) | 1.4 (−4.3, 7.2) | 2.2 (−3.7, 8.1) | 11.3 (6.7, 15.8)b | 8.6 (3.4, 13.8)b |
| Fatty acids | 46.1 (43.1, 49.2) | 0.8 (−4.4, 6.1) | 1.1 (−3.8, 6.1) | 5.2 (1.6, 8.7)b | 4.2 (−0.1, 8.5) |
| Refined grains | 61.3 (56.7, 66.0) | −1.6 (−7.5, 4.3) | -0.1 (−6.8, 6.5) | 4.2 (−2.9, 11.3) | 5.2 (−2.4, 12.9) |
| Sodium | 42.7 (39.7, 45.7) | 0.5 (−3.3, 4.3) | 3.8 (0.2, 7.4)b | −6.3 (−11.3, −1.2)b | −2.6 (−7.6, 2.3) |
| Added sugars | 69.2 (66.3, 72.0) | −1.7 (−5.0, 1.7) | −2.6 (−5.6, 0.5) | 8.0 (2.4, 13.7)b | 5.1 (−0.2, 10.5) |
| Saturated fats | 52.6 (48.4, 56.7) | −0.2 (−6.0, 5.6) | 0.4 (−4.8, 5.6) | 1.5 (−4.4, 7.4) | 1.8 (−3.9, 7.5) |
a
Adjusted for age, sex, education, family income level, total diet-related comorbidities, weight goals, weight status, meals away from home, smoking, and recreational physical activity.
b
indicates 95% CIs that do not contain the null value.
HEI-2015, Health Eating Index 2015