Table 4.
Dietary Intake and Physical Activity Between Groups Over 12 Months*
| Variable | TRE |
Daily CR |
Control |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 6 | Month 12 | Baseline | Month 6 | Month 12 | Baseline | Month 6 | Month 12 | |
| Mean daily eating window (SD), h:min | 10:25 (2:08) | 7:35 (1:40) | 7:51 (1:25) | 10:26 (1:46) | 10:09 (2:05) | 10:30 (2:00) | 10:32 (1:24) | 10:23 (1:51) | 10:11 (1:57) |
| Dietary intake | |||||||||
| Mean protein (SD), % | 17 (4) | 20 (6) | 19 (4) | 18 (5) | 21 (6) | 19 (4) | 18 (6) | 18 (6) | 18 (8) |
| Mean carbohydrates (SD), % | 43 (13) | 38 (15) | 41 (12) | 46 (9) | 41 (9) | 44 (8) | 39 (9) | 41 (6) | 41 (12) |
| Mean total sugar (SD), % | 16 (8) | 12 (6) | 13 (7) | 14 (5) | 17 (7) | 18 (8) | 14 (7) | 15 (5) | 17 (7) |
| Mean fat (SD), % | 40 (8) | 42 (5) | 40 (6) | 36 (10) | 38 (8) | 37 (6) | 43 (9) | 41 (5) | 41 (5) |
| Mean saturated fat (SD), % | 11 (5) | 12 (5) | 11 (5) | 12 (5) | 13 (5) | 13 (6) | 13 (3) | 12 (2) | 13 (6) |
| Mean cholesterol (SD), mg | 325 (144) | 321 (222) | 319 (144) | 270 (121) | 224 (112) | 241 (125) | 343 (211) | 313 (150) | 320 (108) |
| Mean fiber (SD), g | 14 (7) | 13 (5) | 12 (4) | 14 (6) | 14 (6) | 14 (6) | 14 (6) | 16 (7) | 14 (6) |
| Mean sodium (SD), mg/d | 3203 (1037) | 2870 (1187) | 2618 (848) | 2782 (985) | 2457 (912) | 2477 (821) | 3156 (1182) | 3142 (947) | 3094 (957) |
| Mean caffeine (SD), mg/d | 113 (111) | 81 (86) | 88 (83) | 74 (77) | 52 (69) | 54 (73) | 78 (90) | 88 (78) | 117 (98) |
| Mean alcohol (SD), g/d | 5 (7) | 3 (5) | 4 (8) | 4 (6) | 5 (11) | 4 (9) | 2 (4) | 4 (10) | 4 (8) |
| Physical activity | |||||||||
| Mean steps per day (SD), n | 6150 (2497) | 5440 (2421) | 5813 (2418) | 7022 (3171) | 7247 (2835) | 7148 (2815) | 6892 (2619) | 6624 (2408) | 6507 (2818) |
CR = calorie restriction; TRE = time-restricted eating.
*
Only observed values included. A total of 19 of 30 TRE participants returned all food records, and 17 of 30 CR participants returned all food records.