Table 1. Characteristics of Adults Hospitalized With RSV, COVID-19, or Influenza.
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| RSV (n = 484) | COVID-19 (n = 6422) | Influenza (n = 1092) | |
| Age, y | |||
| Median (IQR) | 65 (53-75) | 68 (56-78) | 64 (50-74) |
| 18-49 | 101 (20.9) | 1145 (17.8) | 271 (24.8) |
| 50-59 | 84 (17.4) | 883 (13.8) | 157 (14.4) |
| 60-69 | 114 (23.6) | 1475 (23.0) | 282 (25.8) |
| 70-79 | 107 (22.1) | 1500 (23.4) | 217 (19.9) |
| ≥80 | 78 (16.1) | 1419 (22.1) | 165 (15.1) |
| Race and ethnicity | |||
| Black or African American, non-Hispanic | 115 (23.8) | 1245 (19.4) | 305 (27.9) |
| Hispanic or Latino, any race | 78 (16.1) | 789 (12.3) | 182 (16.7) |
| White, non-Hispanic | 248 (51.2) | 3932 (61.2) | 517 (47.3) |
| Other race, non-Hispanica | 38 (7.9) | 345 (5.4) | 72 (6.6) |
| Otherb | 5 (1.0) | 111 (1.7) | 16 (1.5) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 267 (55.2) | 3183 (49.6) | 597 (54.7) |
| Male | 217 (44.8) | 3239 (50.4) | 495 (45.3) |
| HHS regionc | |||
| 1 | 58 (12.0) | 1175 (18.3) | 146 (13.4) |
| 2 | 42 (8.7) | 285 (4.4) | 101 (9.3) |
| 3 | 14 (2.9) | 329 (5.1) | 15 (1.4) |
| 4 | 98 (20.3) | 1050 (16.4) | 190 (17.4) |
| 5 | 64 (13.2) | 1096 (17.1) | 218 (20.0) |
| 6 | 37 (7.6) | 672 (10.5) | 141 (12.9) |
| 7 | 49 (10.1) | 389 (6.1) | 75 (6.9) |
| 8 | 75 (15.5) | 754 (11.7) | 147 (13.5) |
| 9 | 29 (6.0) | 385 (6.0) | 28 (2.6) |
| 10 | 18 (3.7) | 287 (4.5) | 31 (2.8) |
| Organ systems with a chronic medical conditiond | |||
| Median (IQR), No. | 2 (2-3) | 2 (1-3) | 2 (1-3) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 345 (71.3) | 4603 (71.7) | 741 (67.9) |
| Pulmonary disease | 222 (45.9) | 2019 (31.4) | 454 (41.6) |
| Neurologic disease | 60 (12.4) | 1158 (18.0) | 138 (12.6) |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 25 (5.2) | 507 (7.9) | 71 (6.5) |
| Endocrine disease | 184 (38.0) | 2730 (42.5) | 421 (38.6) |
| Kidney disease | 125 (25.8) | 1601 (24.9) | 203 (18.6) |
| Hematologic disease | 72 (14.9) | 1024 (16.0) | 136 (12.5) |
| Autoimmune disease | 36 (7.4) | 420 (6.5) | 69 (6.3) |
| Immunocompromising conditionse | 99 (20.5) | 1135 (17.7) | 149 (13.6) |
| Resident of long-term care facility | 40 (8.3) | 488 (7.6) | 60 (5.5) |
| Outpatient medical visits in previous, median (IQR), No. | 4 (3-5) | 4 (3-5) | 3 (2-5) |
| Time from illness onset to hospital admission, median (IQR), d | 3 (1-4) | 2 (0-4) | 2 (1-4) |
| Symptoms and signs | |||
| Fever | 168 (34.7) | 2819 (43.9) | 588 (53.9) |
| Cough | 382 (78.9) | 4138 (64.4) | 855 (78.3) |
| Dyspnea | 385 (79.6) | 3916 (61.0) | 788 (72.2) |
| Chest imaging with evidence of pneumonia | 132 (27.3) | 1423 (22.2) | 250 (22.9) |
| COVID-19 vaccination statusf | |||
| Unvaccinated | 78 (16.1) | 1422 (22.1) | 281 (25.7) |
| Vaccinatedg | 402 (83.0) | 5000 (77.9) | 798 (73.1) |
| Influenza vaccination statush | |||
| Unvaccinated | 226 (46.7) | 3060 (47.7) | 699 (64.0) |
| Vaccinatedi | 216 (44.6) | 2882 (44.9) | 393 (36.0) |
Abbreviations: HHS, US Department of Health and Human Services; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.
Other race, non-Hispanic includes Asian, Native American or Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, which were combined because of small counts.
Other includes patients who self-reported their race and ethnicity as other and those for whom race and ethnicity were unknown.
Hospitals by US Department of HHS Region included region 1: Baystate Medical Center (Springfield, Massachusetts), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, Massachusetts); Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut); region 2: Montefiore Medical Center (New York City borough of the Bronx, New York); region 3: Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, Maryland); region 4: Emory University Medical Center (Atlanta, Georgia), University of Miami Medical Center (Miami, Florida), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, Tennessee), Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center (Winston-Salem, North Carolina); region 5: Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, Ohio), Hennepin County Medical Center (Minneapolis, Minnesota), Henry Ford Health (Detroit, MI); The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (Columbus, Ohio), University of Michigan Hospital (Ann Arbor, Michigan); region 6: Baylor Scott & White Medical Center (Temple, Texas), Baylor University Medical Center (Dallas, Texas); region 7: Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St. Louis, Missouri), University of Iowa Hospitals (Iowa City, Iowa); region 8: Intermountain Medical Center (Murray, Utah) and UCHealth, University of Colorado Hospital (Aurora, Colorado); region 9: University of Arizona Medical Center (Phoenix, Arizona), Stanford University Medical Center (Stanford, California), UCLA Medical Center (Los Angeles, California); and region 10: Oregon Health & Science University Hospital (Portland, Oregon), University of Washington (Seattle, Washington).
Details of conditions within each group are listed in eTable 1 in Supplement 1.
Immunocompromising conditions were defined as active solid tumor or hematologic malignancy (ie, newly diagnosed malignancy or treatment for a malignancy within the previous 6 months), solid organ transplant; bone marrow or hematopoietic stem cell transplant, HIV infection, congenital immunodeficiency syndrome; or use of an immunosuppressive medication within the previous 30 days.
A total of 17 patients (0.2%) were missing COVID-19 vaccination status, including 4 patients with RSV (0.8%), 0 patients with COVID-19, and 13 patients with influenza (1.2%).
Includes patients with receipt of the original (ancestral strain) monovalent vaccines, specifically at least 2 doses of BNT1262b2, (Pfizer-BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), or NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax), or at least 1 dose of Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen) or at least 1 dose of BNT1262b2 bivalent vaccine and mRNA-1273.222 bivalent vaccine. Patients who received bivalent vaccination may have previously received 1 to 5 doses of the original (ancestral strain) monovalent vaccines. The median (IQR) days from last COVID-19 vaccination to admission date among COVID-19 patients is 259 (152-407) days.
A total of 522 patients (6.5%) were missing influenza vaccination status, including 42 patients with RSV (8.7%), 480 patients with COVID-19 (7.5%), and 0 patients with influenza.
Patients were classified as vaccinated against influenza if they received the current season’s influenza vaccination based on the period in which they were enrolled.